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Unit 14 Satellites 一、教学目标与要求 让学生了解有关人造地球卫星的一些基本常识，人造地球卫星所发挥的巨 大作用以及复习定语从句的用法，是本单元的教学重点。学生在理解课文的前提 下，用较为流利的英语简述人造地球卫星的概况、工作原理，以及它们在传送广 播、电视信号、预报天气情况、世界通讯行业和观测太空等方面所发挥的巨大作用 通过对话课的学习与操练，学生复习表示打算和意愿的常用语句；复习并熟练 运用定语从句；正确完成练习册安排的练习。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 personally；broad；fold；connect；signal；pull；height； mention；ques－tion；attempt；feel like doing；so/as far as；in space；dozens of；carry out 2．重要句型 1）Once the satellite goes into its orbit round the earth，the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine．2）There is a rocket motor on the satellite by which the direction of the satellite can be changed if necessary．3）It is therefore possible to say not only what the weather is like at present，but also what is likely to happen in the next day or two．4）The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air．5）The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space． 3．语法 复习定语从句（Revising the Attributive Clause）1）There is a rocket motor by which the direction of the satellite can be changed．2）There was no way in which it could be brought back to the earth．3）We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease． 4．日常交际用语 打算和意愿（Intentions and wishes）1）What shall I do today？The weather’s not very good．2）I feel like going to a museum．3）What about you？What do you feel like doing？4）Personally，I’d rather go to the Science Museum．5）I’d like to see that too．Maybe I could findsome useful information．6）I haven’t decided what to do yet． 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师通过向学生提出以下问题导入本课：I understand that many of you are very busy with your studies and you have a lot of homework to do at present．But still I would suggest that you do something else in your spare time．For example，visiting museums．Can anybody tell me what museums you have been to and what wonderful things you see there？ 提问几位学生，并和曾经参观过各种博物馆的同学就他们的参观经历进行 问答： 1）What museums did you ever visit？2）What didyou see there？3）What gave you the deepest impression？4）What kind of museums do you prefer？Why？ 5）Do you think that visiting museums is a good way for you to learn something new？Why do you think so？ 向学生介绍一些博物馆的名称：History Museum；Science Museum；Art Gallery；Natu－ral History Museum；Military Museum，etc． 2．准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：1）Where did the conversation take place？2）What was the weather like thatday？3）Which museum did they finally decide to visit？ 放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：1）The conversation took place in London．2）It was probably raining that day．3）They finally decided to visit the Science Museum． 3．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题， 检查学生的理解程度：1）If you want to visit the Natural History Museum in London at present，do you have to payfor it？ 2） What is on at the Science Museum this month？3）Why does Zhou Lan want to see the exhibition too？ Key：1）You have to pay to get in if you want to visit the Natural History Museum in London at present．In the past it was free．2）A special exhibition is on at the Science Muse－um this month，It’s about space and satellites．3）Because she is planning to do a special study of satellites next term and she wants to find out some useful information． 4．将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后，请两三组同学到前面表演， 教师予以讲评。 教师指导学生归纳本课中有关打算和意愿（Intentions and wishes）的常用 语句（见日常交际用语部分）。 5．要求学生将本课对话改写为一篇短文，教师可给予必要的提示。 提示语：1）feel like going to a museum 2）have to pay to get in 3）a special exhibition at the Science Museum 4）make a final decision 要求学生根据对话，参照教师所给提示及首句编写短文。 将前两句给出：Jane and Zhou Lan are in London．They are wondering what to do to－day．Zhou Lan feels like going to a museum since it is too wet to… Model： Jane and Zhou Lan are in London．They are wondering what to do today．Zhou Lan feels like going to the Natural History Museum since it is too wet to go walking around Lon－don．But Jane tells her that they have to pay to get in．Then Jane suggests going to the Sci－ence Museum because a special exhibition is on this month．Zhou Lan agrees and they make a final decision． 当堂要求学生完成，如时间允许，可请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予 以讲评。 6．布置作业 1）预习第 54课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课（Ⅰ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．教师通过向学生提出以下问题导入本课：1）If you look into the sky at night，what can you see？（The moon and the stars．）2）Yes，you are right．You can see the moon，and the stars．Now can you tell me how the moon travels？（The moon travels around the earth．）3）Yes，that’s it．The moon travels around the earth．Now tell me，what do we call that if it travels around the earth？（We call it a satellite．）4）That’s true．We call it a satellite．The moon is our satellite．Do we have other satellites？Yes．We also have man－made satellites．But how are man－made satellites carried up into space？Now read the passage and you’ll find the answer． 3．准备阅读课文，教师给出读前提问：1）How are man－made satellites carried up into space？2）What can weather satellites do？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）Man－made satellites are carried up into space by rockets．2）Weather satellites send information and photos of weather conditions to weather stations on the earth． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度（可参阅练习册中所列出的问题）。 5．教师用投影仪打出以下 statements，要求学生判断其正误，并对错误的 statements进行修改： 1）When we talk about the satellite，we always refer to the moon．2）If a rocket does not reach a speed of 28 440 km/h，it will fall back to the earth．3）A man－made satellite usually contains very expensive cameras as well as equipment for making electricity from sunshine．4）Before the satellite goes into its orbit round the earth，the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine．5）Scientists can control the direction of the satellite by the rocket motor on the satellite．6）The satellites for broadcasting connect broadcasting stations，which are a long distance from each other．7）Most of the satellites for broadcasting remain above the same place on the earth and travel round the earth in a very high circle．8）Weather satellites send not only information but also photos of weather conditions to weather stations on the earth． Key：1）False．（The moon is a satellite．But we have many other man－ made satellites that go round the earth．）2）True．3）True．4）False．（Once the satellite goes into its orbit round the earth，the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine．）5）True．6）True．7）True．8）True． 6．教师要求学生将修正后的上述各句连接成一个短篇，介绍有关人造地球 卫星的一些基本常识。数分钟后，请学生在班上交流，教师予以讲评。 7．布置作业 1）复述课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 阅读理解课（Ⅱ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查学生课文朗读和复述。 2．准备阅读课文第二部分。教师给出读前提问：What did the 17 countries set up an or-ganization for？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：They set up an organization for sending telephone signals by satellite． 3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度：1）What was the name of the first satellite of the organization？ 2）How many countries are there in this group today？3）How can you telephone somebody on the other side of the world？4）What was the use of special cameras？5）What is the disadvantage of studying outer space at research stations on the earth？ Key：1）It was called Early Bird．2）There are now over 100 countries in this group．3）With the help ofa satellite you can telephone somebody on the other side of the world．4）Special cameras can produce pictures showing where different metals can be found．And they can also tell the difference between healthy plants and plants that are diseased．5）The disadvantage of studying outer space at research stations on the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air，and the dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space． 4．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，学生利用课文中所提供的信息填写表格， 从而加深对本课内容的理解： Ask the students to try to collect as much information on satellites and man－ made satel－lites as they can from the reading comprehension： （斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示） 七八分钟后，请几位同学根据所填写内容，讲述有关人造地球卫星的一些 基本常识，教师予以讲评，鼓励学生将自己整理的内容连成短文。 5．布置作业 1）将两课内容结合，简述人造地球卫星的概况；2）完成练 习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评、订正。 1）feel like（doing） Do you feel like a cup oftea？ He said that he had a stomachache and he did not feel like eating at the moment． I was so angry that I felt like throwing something at him． 2）as/so far as John did a good job as far as he went，but he didn’t finish it． I will help you as far as I can． We did not go so（as） far as the bridge． 3）connect/connection A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees around him． Where does the cooker connect with the gas pipe？ Is there a connection between the sun and the seasons？ 4）dozens of They sold three dozen copies of the magazine． He planned to buy dozens of reference books since he would study abroad． 5）carry out They now decided to carry out their own views． Several cats and some other small animals were chosen to carry out the experiment． He hoped you should carry out his advice． 6）question v． Stop questioning me about my personal business． You can question the whole class on the story they have read． I question whether his policy will be successful． It is questionable whether we will finish all this in time． 7）mention He felt his duty to mention this to the headmaster． A：Thanks very much． B：Don’t mention it． I have all these heavy baskets to carry，not to mention the large box over there． 8）attempt v．/n． She attempted to go on with her work．But she couldn’t． He attempted the examination but failed． His first attempt at English composition was poor． 3．要求学生根据课文所提供的信息，介绍早期人造地球卫星的一些情况： 1）The first man－made satellite：What was the name of the man－made satellite？Which country made it？When was it sent up into space？What did it send back？What was sent into the space together with another man－made satellite？ What happened to the animal？What was the reason for this？ 2）The first US satellite：What did it discover？When was it sent into space？ 3）Other satellites：When was weather information first sent back to the earth？Which country did it belong to？When was the first weather pictures of the earth taken？What hap－pened in the year 1962？ 数分钟后，请几位同学在班上交流。 4．布置作业 1）预习第 15单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1．So far as I know，it’s free．就我所知，那个博物馆是不收门票的。 so/as far as I know意为：据我据知，在句中作插入语，通常用逗号与句子 其他部分隔开，用来陈述说话人认为他/她所掌握的某个事实，在口语中经常使 用。例如： As far as I know，students have too much homework nowadays．据我所知， 学生们现在的作业负担太重。 So far as I know，no more than three people are for the plan．就我据知，只有 三个人赞成这项计划。 2．Personally，I’d rather go tothe Science Museum．就我个人来说，我倒 想去科学博物馆。 personally是副词，意为“就自己而言”、“就个人来说”，这里相当于 Speaking for myself only（就我自己而言）的意思，在句中作插入语。例如： Personally I agree to your plan．就我个人来说，我同意你的计划。 She said she didn’t like it，but personally I thought it was very good．她说她 不喜欢这个东西，但我自己认为它是很好的。 I’d rather是 I would rather的缩略形式。would rather+动词原形，意为：宁 愿（做某事）。翻译成汉语时，要视情况而采用灵活译法。例如： I’d rather stay at home alone．我愿意一个人呆在家里。 I’d rather not go out today．我今天不想外出。 would rather还可以接从句，这时从句中需要使用虚拟语气。例如： I’d rather you told me the truth．我宁愿让你对我讲实话。 3．Once the satellite goes into its orbit round the earth，the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine．一旦卫星进入地球轨道，帆板就打开来吸收阳光。 句中 once是连词，一旦……（就……），用以连接一个表示时间的状语从 句，相当于 as soon as…。例如： Once you have learnt Spanish，you will find Italian easy．你一旦学会了西班 牙语，就会发现意大利语容易了。 Once you get into the habit of smoking，you won’t be able to give it up easily．你一旦抽烟抽上了瘾，就不可能轻易戒掉了。 Once you understand the rule，you will have no further difficulty．一旦你理解 了这条规则，你就不会再有困难了。 A decision shouldn’t be changed once it is made．一旦作出了决定，就不应 当改变它。 4．In this way，they are able to connect broadcasting stations which are a long distance from each other．这样，它们就可以把相距遥远的广播电台联系起来。 句中 connect是及物动词，意为：连接。例如： The road connects London and Edinburgh．这条公路连接伦敦和爱丁堡。 A good student should connect what he reads with what he sees around him．一 个优秀的学生应该把他所学到的东西和他周围的事物联系起来。 connect作及物动词时，还可表示“接通电源、电话”等。例如： Make sure the machine is connected properly before you press the button．在你 按电钮之前务必确保机器电源连接正确。 I was again connected to a wrong person．我的电话又给接错了。 conect还可作不及物动词，意为：相连、衔接等。例如： The sentence doesn’t seem to connect with the context．这个句子似乎和上下 文连不上。 The early bus from the village connects with the 8：30 train．从这村子里开出 的早班车和 8：30的火车相衔接。 5．They are being used more and more to collect information about space，to carry out experiments and to send the information back to research centres on the earth．目前正越来越多地利用太空卫星来收集有关太空的信息，进行实验，并 将信息发回到地球上的研究中心。 They are being used more and more…是现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为： am/is/are ＋being+过去分词。例如： A swimming－pool is being built in our school．我们学校正在修建一座游泳 池。 carry out意为：实行；执行。例如： Before scientists managed to send men into space， some animals were chosen to carry out the experiment．在科学家们成功地把人类送上太空之前，一些动物 被选来执行这项实验。 此外，在 carry out后面常用的名词有：promise；plan；views；advice； policy；instructions 及 orders等。