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Unit 2 In the lab 一、教学目标与要求 通过本单元教学，使学生能熟练掌握英语中表示命令和请求的句式。并在日 常生活中予以正确运用，即使用得体的语言，表示命令或请求以及对他人的命 令或请求做出正确应答。掌握将祈使句的直接引语改为间接引语的有关用法。要 求学生运用所学英语，写出物理实验室或化学实验室的一些使用规定。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 allow；once；unless；shut；mix；taste；request；first of all； turn off；bythe side of；instead of；on holiday 2．重要句型 1）Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to． 2）Make sure＋that引导的从句；3）allow somebody to do something 3．语法 直接引语和间接引语（1）：Direct Speech and Indirect Speech“Don’t touchanything，” he said．He told us not to touch anything．“Make sure the door is shut，”said she．She told me to make sure the door was shut．“Please tidy the lab，”she said．She asked meto tidy the lab．“Do some shopping for me， please，”he said to her．He asked her to do someshopping for him． 4．日常交际用语 命令和请求（Orders and requests）：1）Don’t touch anything．2）Make sure the door is shut．3）Please tidy the lab．4）Can you lend me 2 yuan？5）Could youplease show me how to use the computer？ 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师通过以下提问导入本课：Where do you go if you have your English listeningclass？（注 1）Where do you go if your chemistry teacher wants you to do an experiment？Yes， you go to the language lab for your listening class and you go to chemistry lab to doyour chemistry experiment．Now please listen to the dialogue and try to remember what youshould not do in the chemistry lab． 2．放对话录音一至两遍。请几位同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）Don’t come into the chemistry lab without a teacher．2）Don’t touch anytingunless your teacher tells you to． 3．组织学生四个人一组练习对话。5分钟后请两组同学到前面表演。 4．教师指导学生归纳本对话中表示命令和请求的句式。（见日常交际用语 部分） 5．教师提供如下情景，组织学生编演对话： 1）假设你在语言实验室，2）列出应该做什么和不应该做什么。 Suppose you are in a language lab．Tell us what you should do and what you must notdo． 2）假设你在图书馆，列出应该做什么和不应该做什么。 Suppose you are in a library．Make a list of what you should do and what you must notdo． 提示语：1）do not come in without a teacher，take care of the earphones； 2）do not playyour own tape，turn off the light before you leave ；3）keep quiet，do not make any noise，speak in a low voice 6．数分钟后，请两组同学到前面表演，教师给予必要帮助和纠正。 7．要求学生将该课对话改写为一篇短文。教师可给予必要的提示。（注 2） 提示语：1）a chemistry lab in the school；2）not allowed to enter without a teacher；3）listen to the teacher；4）do as the teacher tells them ；5）tidy the lab and put everythingback；6）turn off electricity and shut windows before leaving 将第一句给出：There is a chemistry lab in the school． 要求学生根据对话，参照老师所给的提示及首句，编写短文。 Model： There is a chemistry lab in the school．The students are not allowed to enter the labwithout a teacher．Once the students are in the lab，they should listen to their teacher care-fully．They should do as the teacher tells them．When they finish the experiment，theyshould tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards．Before they leave，they shouldturn off the electricity and close all the windows．Finally they should turn off the lights andlock the door． 当堂要求学生完成，如时间允许，可请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予 以讲评。 8．布置作业 1）预习第 6课；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 注 1：在对话课中可尽量由学生回答。学生在回答时，起warm-up作用的提 问，教师要鼓励他们发挥想象力，尽可能多地使用已学过的英语。一般情况下， 教师不把答案规定得过死。允许学生有各种说法，语言无大错即可。 注 2：在起始阶段，可为学生准备较为详尽的提示词语，帮助学生进行改 写。如有必要，可将短文首句给出。 （二）阅读理解课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪，三个瓶子，一个茶杯等。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．教师可通过以下开场白导入正课：Now I have got a question：When you do yourchemistry experiment in the lab，what is the most important thing for you to remember？ 学生可能有不同的答案或想法。教师可板书学生的应答。 Yes，you have to listen to your teacher carefully；you have to watch your teacher care-fully；you can not touch anything unless the teacher allows you to；you have to follow yourteacher’s instructions，and so on．Good． 教师给出读前提问：1）What did Paul’s chemistry teacher look like？ 2）Why did each ofthe students make a face after they tasted the mixture？ 教师给 学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文（默读）。之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）The teacher was a little man with thick glasses．2）Because the mixture tastedterrible． 3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问（可参阅书后练 习册中所列问题），检查学生的理解程度． More questions on the text：1）What did the teacher fill a cup with？ 2）What did the teacher do after he mixed the three things together？ 3）What did he say to the class after all the students had tasted the mixture？ Key：1）The teacher filled a cup with some petrol，some castor oil and some vinegar．2）He held up one finger and showed it to the class，dipped it into the cup and after a fewseconds he took it out and put it into his mouth．3）He said that none of the students hadwatched carefully enough．Because he did not suck the finger he had dipped into the cup． 4．给学生七，八分钟时间，认真准备课文中化学教师演示实验的有关部分。 然后请同学借助教师准备好的教具，到前面表演。 5．布置讨论题目：Why do you think we can say that the chemistry teacher had a strangeway Of making his class lively and interesting and not easily forgotten？ 学生可各抒己见。教师鼓励全班用英语来表达不同想法。 A possible answer： The main purpose of this lesson is to ask the students to watch carefully everything theteacher does in class．Instead of telling the students to“watch carefully”， the teacher usesanother way，which is better and more interesting．And his students will never forget thisexperience． 6．布置作业 1）复述课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常见词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评订正。 词语：first of all；allow；unless；put back；turn off；turn on；make sure； in/at the cor-ner；at the end of；in the end；taste/smell/sound；instead of 例句：1）First of all I should say that I am very pleased to be here．2） Smoking is notallowed in this office． 3） Unless I am mistaken， I’ve seen that man before． 4） Please put theEnglish book back on the desk． 5） Remember to turn off the light before you leave the room．6） Will you please turn on the radio？ 7） Make sure that all the windows are closed and thedoor is locked when you leave． 8） I’ll meet you at the corner of Guang Ming Street． 9） Tomwent to the telephone in the corner of the room． 10） At the end of the class the students sangan English song together． 11） In the end he died of hunger and cold． 12） The music soundswonderful． 13） Roses smell sweet． 14） The milk doesn’t taste all right this morning． 15） Theprofessor’s assistant is going to give us a talk instead of him． 3．书面表达练习 中文提示（用投影片打出）：1）一天偶遇林涛；2）他讲述英语课上趣事； 3）老师听写；4）他有准备；5）叫他到前面写；6）他做鬼脸；7）被留下， 8）表示悔意。 英文提示（用投影片打出）：once；fill with；make a face；instead of； sadly 将首句给出： The other day I met Lin Tao in the street． 七、八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 Model： The other day I met Lin Tao in the street． He told me something about their Englishclass， Once their teacher told them to take out their exercise books to have a dictation． LinTao was filled with joy because he had gone over the words the day before．After the dicta-tion the teacher asked Lin Tao to write the words on the board．While Lin Tao was doingso，he made a face to his classmates and they all laughed． The teacher asked Lin Tao to staybehind after school instead of going home． Lin Tao said sadly that he would never do that a-gain． 4．布置作业 1）预习第 3单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1．Have you been in this lab before？你们以前进过这个实验室吗？ Have（Has） been to意为：到过什么地方。例如： 1） I have been to the Great Wall many times．我去过长城多次。 2）A：Where have you been？你去哪里了？ B：I’ve been to the library．我去图书馆了。 3） Have you ever been abroad before？你以前出过国吗？ 注意 have（has） been to和 have（has） gone to的区别： have（has） gone to表示：已去某地，或已到达某地。例如： 1）My husband has gone to London today．我丈夫今天去伦敦了。 2） It’s seven already． All the teachers have gone home．现在已经七点了， 所有的老师都回家了。 2． Once you are in here， listen to your teacher．一旦你们进到这里，就要 听老师的。 once在这里用作连词，意为：一（旦）……就。例如： 1） Once you began you couldn’t stop．你一旦开始了就不能停止。 2） Once you have learned Spanish you will find Italian easy．一旦你学会了西 班牙语，就会发现意大利语容易学。 once还经常用作副词，意为：一次、曾经。例如： 1）The beggar went to each house once a week and asked for something to eat． 这个要饭的人每周都去各家一趟，要些吃的东西。 2） He once knew her， but they are no longer friends．他过去认识她，但他 们现在已不是朋友了。 3． Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to．除非老师让你动， 否则就不要动任何东西。=如果老师不让你动，你就不要动任何东西。 unless=if…not意为：除非……、否则……。例如： 1） I will be back tomorrow unless the weather is bad．＝I will be back tomorrow if theweather is not bad．除非天气不好，否则我明天就回来。 2）Stsy Where you are unless I pick you up．=Stsy where you are if I don’t pick youup．除非我去接你，否则你就呆在原地别动。 …unless your teacher tells you to中的 to是不定式符号，后面省略了动词 touch，以避免不必要的重复，但是 to通常不省略。例如： 1）My parents hoped I would be a teacher，but I didn’t want to（be a teacher）．我父母希望我当教师，可我不愿意。 2） A： Would you like to go with us？你想和我们一起走吗？ B：I’d very much like to（go with you）．我非常愿意。 但有时为了强调，不定式符号 to后面的动词也可以不省略。例如本课中就 有一句：Dowhat he or she tells you to do．按他（她）的要求去做。 4．What about when we leave？=What should we do when we leave？我们离 开时应该做些什么呢？ What about…？是用来征求对方意见的用语。在其后面可以接名词、代词、动 名词、副词，还可以接状语从句等。例如： What about the business we talked about this morning？今天早上我们谈论的 事情怎么处理？ What／How about…还可以用来询问消息、提出建议或征询意见。例如： What about a cup of coffee？喝杯咖啡怎么样？（征询意见） How about going to Dalian this summer？今年夏天到大连去怎么样？（提出 建议） 5．He was a little man with thick glasses．他是个小个子男人，戴着一副深度 眼镜。 with是介词，在此处的意思是“具有、带有”。介词with可有多种含义，常 用的含义有“和……一起；在……身边；随着；用……工具；由于”等。还可说 明伴随的情况。例如： You may go with us．你可以和我们一起去。（和……一起） It looks like rain．Please take an umbrella with you．要下雨了，带上雨伞吧。 （随身带） Weather changes with the seasons．天气随季节变化而变化。（随着） When they heard the good news，they all jumped with joy．他们听到这个好 消息，都跳起来了。（由于） Don’t sleep with the window open，or you’ll catch cold．不要开着窗睡觉， 不然你会着凉的。（伴随情况） 6．After that， he held up one of his fingers．然后，他竖起一根手指。 动词 hold的基本含义是“握住、拿着、包含有、持有（见解）、举行（会议）、 掌握（权力）、担任（职务）”等。hold还可和许多副词连用，表达出许多不同 的意思。例如： hold back忍住，阻止；hold out伸出，提供，坚持； hold on继续，不挂上 （电话）。请看以下例句： 1）No one can hold back the wheel of history．没有人能阻挡历史的车轮。 2） He held out a dress for the lady to try on．他拿出一件女装让那位女士试 穿。 3） Hold on，everything will be all right．坚持住，一切都会好起来的。