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Unit 8 First aid 一、教学目标与要求 通过本单元教学，学生了解有关急救的常识，总结、归纳情态动词的用法， 尤其是使用 should／shouldn’t；must／mustn’t；ought to等表示义务和责任的 用法。学生应能在理解的基础上，用较为流利的英语表达在生活中如何处理一些 突发事件，然后实施紧急救护等；通过对情态动词的归纳、总结，学生应能正确 地运用所学的情态动词在不同的场合，表达各种情感；正确完成练习册安排的 练习。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 breathe；ought to；within；injure；lay；deal；electric；firm； firmly；wherever；first aid；take it easy；mouth－to－mouth；hold up；deal with；out of one’s reach；by mistake；throw up；pay attention to；in a short while 2．重要句型 1）First aid is the science of giving medical care to a person before a doc－tor can be found． 2）First aid，if it is quickly and correctly given，can save a person’s life．3）Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t touch them． 3．语法情态动词（Modal Verbs）。 4．日常交际用语 义务和责任（Obligation）1）We must carry her to the side of the road．2）You mustn’t move someone if they are badly hurt．3）You shouldn’t swim immedi－ately after a heavy meal．4）I ought to go home．5）I have to cook supper for my grandmoth－er．6）You need to find help from a nearby hospital． 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师通过向学生提出下列问题导入本课：Nowadays there are a lot of road accidents．Suppose you meet with one of these accidents，what would you do in such a situation？ 由学生讨论以上问题，引出有关急救的话题。 2．准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：1）Where does the conversation take place？2）Does the girl know what happened to her？ 放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：1）The conversation takes place somewhere in the street．2）No，she does not． 3．根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，检查学生的理解程度。 1）What are Chen wei and Susan doing when they see the accident？2）What happened to the girl？3）Why does Susan not agree to carry the girl to the side of the road？4）Who do you think will come in a moment？Why？5）What was the girl going to do？ Key：1）They are walking down the street when they see the accident．2）The girl has fallen off her bicycle．A child ran into the street and knocked her off her bicycle．3）Probably Susan has learned something about first aid．People mustn’t move someone if they are badly hurt．They should leave the person where he or she is．4）Some doctors and nurses will come．Because Chen Wei has just called the First Aid Centre．5）The girl was going to cook supper for her grandmother． 4．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为三人一组练习对话。数分钟后， 请两三组同学到前面表演。教师指导学生归纳本课中有关表示义务和责任 （Obligation）的常用语句（见日常交际用语部分）。组织学生两人一组，讨论 书上所列题目，尽量使用在对话中出现的表示义务和责任的常用语句。 5．为学生提供几个情景，启发同学运用所学语言编出新的对话。 Situation 1：School is over．A group of students are cleaning the classroom．Suddenly a boy falls down to the ground，crying for help．He says he has got a very serious stom-achache．Make a dialogue between you and another boy，discussing how to deal with this． Situation 2：You are having a sports meet．Suddenly one of the runners falls down and can’t stand up again．You run over to see what’s wrong．He is not moving，but is still breathing．Make a dialogue between your classmates and you and see how to deal with it． 学生可任选其中之一的情景编小对话。数分钟后，请同学表演对话，教师给 予讲评。 6．布置作业 1）预习第 30、31课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．教师通过以下叙述导入正课：From the dialogue we learned last time，we already know what we should do when we find people injured in road accidents．Besides road acci－dents，other things can also be dangerous．So we need to know more about first aid． 3．准备阅读课文。教师给出读前提问：1）Why is first aid important in our daily life？2）How do you deal with a simple cut？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）Because first aid can save a person’s life if it us quickly and correctly given． 2）It is only necessary to wash the area of the cut，dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍，教师用投影仪打出以下 statements， 要求学生判断其正误，并对错误的 statements进行修改。 1）First aid is usually given to somebody by a doctor or a nurse．2）If a person can breathe， we should make sure there is no food at the back of the mouth． 3）If a person is not breathing，we must lay him on his back and leave him where he is．4）When a person is bleeding badly，we should press our hands onto the bleeding point．5）When a person is bit-ten by an animal，we should wash the wound under cold running water．6）If a person is burnt，we ought to cool the area of the skin at once．See a doctor if a child has been burnt．7）If a person has got a cut，we ought to wash the area of the cut and put a dry clean cloth on the cut．8）Young children should never get close to pools，lakes and rivers． Key：1）False．（Anyone with the right knowledge can give first aid．） 2）True．3）False．（If a person is not breathing，we must try to start his／her breathing at once．）4）False．（When a person is bleeding badly，we should press a handkerchief on the bleeding point and hold it there．）5）True．6）True．7）True．8）False．（Young children can not go to these places by themselves．） 5．组织学生两人一组，完成课文后的 Safety in the Home及其 Lesson 31中 的小测验，教师予以订正。 6．布置作业 1）根据课文内容，归纳有关实施急救的常识，并用英语向别 人说明；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评、订正。 1） knock off The bottle was knocked off the table． The boy knocked off his homework in half an hour． 2）injure He injured his legs in an accident． The misunderstanding injured their friendship． 3）ought to You ought to obey your parents． Such things ought not to be done． The play was very interesting；you ought to have been there． 4）lay He went over and laid down his cup on the tray． A bridge is to be laid across the river． A person can lay his coat on the bed；when he has done this，his coat is lying on the bed． 5）hold up The boy held up his hand to ask the teacher a question． The traffic was held up by an accident． 6） deal with How do you deal with the problem？ Teachers should deal fairly with their students． I’ve got a lot of letters to deal with this morning． 7）out of one’s reach Put those bottles out of the reach of the children． We’ll telephone Mary，but she is out of reach． 8）firm／firmly I don’t think that chair is firm enough to stand on． If we stand firm，I firmly believe we’ll succeed． 9）by mistake Sorry，I took your dictionary by mistake． She put salt in her cup of tea by mistake． 10）pay attention to The teacher told us many times to pay attention to our handwriting． I want you to pay close attention to the spelling of these words． 3．课堂活动：If you happen to see someone who has an accident，do you think you can make a right decision？ Please match the sentences in Column A with the ones in Column B． A 1）If the person is not breathing， 2）If the person is bleeding badly， 3）When you use the mouth-to-mouth way， 4）If someone is bitten by an animal， 5）If someone happens to be hurt， 6）If a child has been burnt or more than 10％ of the body had been burnt， 7）If someone has a single cut， 8）If someone is badly hurt， B A．you should lay the person on his／her back， close his／her nose with your fingers and breathe into his／her mouth． B．you mustn’t move him／her．You must get help． C．you must try to stop the bleeding． D．it is necessary to wash the area of the cut，dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth． E．you must try to start his or her breathing at once． F．you must wash his or her wound under the cold running water．Then see a doctor as soon as possible． G．you must take him or her to see a doctor at once． H．cool the area of skin at once．Wash the area of skin under the cold tap for several minutes．Put a piece of dry clean cloth over the area of the burn． Key：1．E 2． C 3．A 4．F 5．H 6．G 7．D 8．B 4．书面表达练习 中文提示：一天放学后，张磊和凌峰看到一位骑车的老人摔了下来，伤了 腿，流着血，不少人围了过去。 有人建议将老人抬到树下，张磊不同意，说不能动，要检查一下。 这时老人没有呼吸了，张磊让凌峰给急救中心打电话，他为老人做人工呼 吸，另一工人帮助止血。 没过十分钟，老人开始能动弹了。急救中心的医生们赶到，说张磊做得对。 英文提示（用投影片打出）：fall off；first aid；breathe；ought to；mouth －to－mouth way；First Aid Centre；handkerchief；bleeding；within 将首句给出：One day，after school was over，Zhang Lel and Ling Feng were walking in the street when they suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle． 七八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 One possible version： One day，after school was over，Zhang Lei and Ling Feng were walking in the street when they suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle．One of the old man’s legs was injured and it was bleeding．Many people crowded around him．Someone suggested the old man be taken somewhere in the shade of trees．But Zhang Lei strongly disagreed．He had learned some knowledge about first aid before．He said that they ought to leave the old man where he was and check him． Now the old man was not breathing．Zhang Lei asked Ling Feng to telephone the First Aid Centre and then he quickly opened the old man’s mouth and tried to start his breathing using the mouth-to-mouth way．Another young man helped press a handkerchief onto the bleeding point．Within ten minutes，the old man began to move a little and the doctors and the nurses from the First Aid Centre arrived．They all said that what Zhang Lei did was right． 5．布置作业 1）预习第 9单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1．You musn’t move someone if they are badly hurt．如果一个人受了重伤， 你一定不要挪动他。 My knee hurts，my foot hurts and my head too．我的膝盖痛，脚也痛，头也 痛。 这两句中都有动词 hurt，但词义不同。第一句中的 hurt是及物动词，意为： 使受伤；使伤害，可用于被动结构；第二句中的 hurt是不及物动词，意为：感 到疼痛。例如： The girl fell off her bicycle．She hurt her legs．那女孩从自行车上摔下来，把 腿摔伤了。（及物动词） The girl fell off her bicycle，and her legs hurt．那女孩从自行车上摔下来，腿 很疼。（不及物动词） 再如： The driver was badly hurt in the accident．司机在那次事故中受了重伤。 The driver’s head hurt badly after the accident．这次事故后，司机的头痛得 很厉害。 hurt作为及物动词时，还可表示情感上的伤害。例如： If hurts me when you talk like that．你那种说话的样子伤害了我。 2．I ought to go home．我该回家去。 ought to是情态动词，意为：应该。它与另一情态动词 should的意思基本相 同，但 ought to的语气侧重于“按道理应该……”。例如： I mean a fellow ought to be broad－minded about things．我想一个人对问题 应该心胸宽广一些吧。 I’m going to buy five more exercise books．That ought to be enough．我打算 再买 5本练习本，这总该够了吧。 ought to的疑问式是将 ought移至句首；它的否定式是将否定词 not放在 ought与 to之间。例如： Ought he to go？他应该去吗？ I oughtn’t to go on living this way．我不应该再这么生活下去了。 3．Repeat this as often as necessary．=Repeat this action as many times as it is neces－sary．根据需要尽量多次重复这个动作。 句中的 this指上句的… breathe into his／her mouth（向口里吹气）这个动作。 often在这里可理解为：many times。 as…as意为：像……一样。引导表示比较的状语从句，在两个 as之间插入形 容词或副词。在弟二个 as后可接从句，但常保留从句主语，而将其他部分省略。 例如： Jimmy is as tall as his father（is tall）．吉米和他爸爸一样高。 He can run as fast as I（can run）．他可以跑得和我一样快。 如果第二个 as后接的从句有 it is，则从句的主语 it及谓语动词 is可以省略。 例如： Please come as soon as is possible．请尽可能早点来。（从句中省略主语 it） We should speak English as much as（it is） possible．我们应当尽可能多说 英语。（从句中省略 it is） 4．If everyone in the country knew first aid，many lives would be saved．倘若 每个国民都懂得急救，那么许多人的生命将得到挽救。 这是一个表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，或称虚拟语气。在 if引导的条 件从句中谓语动词用过去式（如果是 be，则不论人称一律使用were）；主句中 的谓语动词用would／could／might＋v．（原形）。例如： If I were you，I would accept the invitation．如果我是你，我就会接受这个 邀请。（事实上我并不是你，也不曾接受这个邀请） If he knew the secret，he would let me know．倘若他知道这个秘密，他会告 诉我的。（事实上他并不知道这个秘密，也不会告诉我。） If there were more people，we could finish the work today．如果有 更多的人，我们今天就可以结束工作。（事实是：没有更多的人，今天也不能结 束这个工作。）