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Unit 7 Canada 一、教学目标与要求 了解加拿大的概况、因努伊特人的历史和现状以及学习主谓一致的用法是本 单元的教学重点。学生能应在理解的基础上，用自己组织的语言，重点介绍加拿 大的概况，如国土面积、人口、天气情况、主要资源及生产情况等。同时还应能叙 述有关因努伊特人的情况；通过学习主谓一致的语法规则，了解并初步掌握一 些常见的主谓一致现象；正确完成练习册安排的练习。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 notice； settle；freeze； average； deal； natural； exploit； refer；race； hunt；block；generally speaking；official language；struggle against；all the year round；be famous for；a great deal of；make use of；refer to；clear up；from time to time 2．重要句型 1）It is larger than the USA and reaches nearly a quarter of the way round the earth． 2）They made use of animal bones，which they carved into basic tools．3）The government has started a new school project in which Inuit teach their own young chil-dren．4）So， it is hoped that the way of Inuit life will be kept alive for many more centuries． 3．语法 主谓一致（Agreement）1）The news is bad． 2）The army is going to remain in this town． 3）The army have rescued the travellers． 4）Either the girl or the boy is in Cana-da．5）Both the boy and the girl have learned French．6）Neither of us is happy about the killing of seals．7）The teacher with two students was at the meeting． 8）One thousand pounds is lot of money．9）Neither he nor I know the answer．10）There is a desk， a table and three chairs in the room． 4．日常交际用语 谈论语言学习（Language study） 1）A lot of people can’t tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent．2）Do you use American or British spelling？3）Both！ American spellings are used more and more in Canada now．4）Gen-erally speaking，newspapers follow the American way，but conference reports and school-books use British spelling． 三、课型 （一） 对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师通过向学生提出下列问题导入本课：When we listen to foreign people（or：native speakers）speak English，do you think that they speak English in the same way？ Yes，you are right．Different people speak different English．For example，people from the USA speak American English；people from England speak British English；and people from Australia speak Australian English．What about people coming from Canada？Yes．They speak Canadian English． 2．准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：Are there many differences between American English and Canadian English？放录音一遍，请学生 回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：No．There are just a few differences between American English and Canadian Eng－lish． 3．根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，检查学生的理解程度。 1） Why does Fang Qun think that Dean is from the United States？2） Can you give an example to show the difference between American accent and Canadian accent？ 3）Do the Canadian people use American spelling or British spelling？ 4）Do the Canadian people speak the same way all over the country？ Key：1）Probably from the way he speaks．Besides，many people can’t tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent．2）Most Canadians say news［nju：z］，but Americans say［nu：z］．3）They use both American spelling and British spelling．And American spellings are used more and more in Canada now．4）No．People living in the east－ern provinces and in some country area speak quite differently from the rest of Canada． 4．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后， 请两三组同学到前面表演。 教师指导学生归纳本课中有关谈论语言学习（Language study）的常用语句 （见日常交际用语部分）。 组织学生两人一组，练习书上所列Oral practice中的相关部分。 5．要求学生将本课对话改写为一篇短文，教师可给予必要的提示。 提示语（用投影仪打出）：1）from Canada／from the States 2）a few differences between Canadian English and American English 3）use both British English and American English in spelling 4）not speak English the same way 将首句给出：Fang Qun thinks that Dean is from the States，but in fact Dean is from Canada． 要求学生根据对话，参照老师所给的提示及首句，编写短文。当堂要求学生 完成。数分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 Model： Fang Qun thinks that Dean is from the States，but in fact Dean is from Canada．That is because many people can’t tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian ac－cent．Dean tells her that there are only a few differences between Canadian English and American English．When Fang Qun asks him whether the Canadian people use British spelling or American spelling，Dean says that they use both．Finally Dean says that Canadi-an people do not speak English the same way． 6．要求学生利用对话中的信息，简单介绍美国英语和加拿大英语的区别： Ask the students to talk about the differences between Canadian English and American English，using the information from the dialogue． 7．布置作业 1）预习第 26、27课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课（Ⅰ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪、一张加拿大地图。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．教师展示准备好的加拿大地图，通过以下提问导入正课：If we are to learn something about a country，what do you want to know？ 板书学生所提出的话题。Possible topics：Size；Population；Location； Language；History；Capital；Weather；Industry and agriculture；Education； Medical care OK．Today we’ll learn something about Canada．What do you already know about this country？Is there anybody in our class who has ever been to Canada before？If none of you have ever been to this country before，do you want to go there sometime in the future？ Why？ 鼓励学生开口，就以上内容讨论。 3．准都阅读课文。教师给出读前提问：1）What is the population of Canada？2）Is there plenty of fresh water in Canada？How do you know？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）The population of Canada is about 29 million．2）Yes．Canada has one third of the world’s supply of water．Because there are five great lakes in the south，and there are many others，especially in the north． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。指导学生完成 39页有关课文理解练习 并予以订正。 5．教师用投影仪打出以下 statements，要求学生判断其正误，并对错误的 statements进行修改。 1） Canada is the largest country in the world． 2）Canada covers 6 of the world’s 24 time areas．3）Both French and English are spoken in Canada． 4） Settlers from France reached Canada earlier than those from England． 5）English and French settlers fought against each other for a long time because they spoke different languages． 6）The passage seems to sug－gest that if you speak only English in the province where French is spoken，you’ll have no trouble in talking with others．7）One third of the world’s water supply is found in Canada． Key：1） False．（Canada is the second largest country in the world．） 2）True．3）True．4）False．（Settlers from France reached Canada in 1543 while the settlers from England reached Canada in 1497．） 5）False．（They fought against each other in order to control the country．） 6） False．（Since there are French restaurants and all the teaching in schools is done in French there，you might have met with some trouble there if you speak English on－ly．） 7） False．（Canada has got one third of the world’s supply of fresh water．） 6．布置作业 1）复述课文，介绍加拿大的概况，如国土面积、人口、天气情 况、主要资源及生产情况等；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 阅读理解课（Ⅱ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．通过提问温习第 26课内容：1）Where is Canada located？2）What is the population of Canada？3）What is the capital of Canada？4）How many official languages are there in Cana－da？5）Why does Canada have plenty of fresh water？ 6）What do you know about the industry in Canada？What is also important for Canadians？ 2．检查课文复述。 3．准备阅读第 27课，教师给出读前提问：1）What is the passage mainly about？2）What is hoped to be kept alive for many more centuries？ 教师给学生两分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）The passage is mainly about the Inuit．2）It is hoped that the way of Inuit life will be kept alive for many more centuries． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。 教师针对课文内容，进一步提出问题，检查学生的理解程度： 1）In what part of Canada do North American Indians live？ 2） How long have they lived there？ 3） What did they live on in the early days？ 4）What are the people of northern Canada called？ 5）Where did they come from and when did they settle in Canada？ 6） What did they do in winter and summer？ 7） What did they live on？ 8）How did they catch fish and seals？9）How did they make clothes and shoes？ 10）How many Inuit are there in all？ Key：1）North American Indians live in southern Canada．2）They have lived there for over 20000 years．3）In the early days，some hunted animals from place to place while oth－ers remained in one place and started farms of their own． 4）They are called Inuit． 5）They came from Asia and settled in Canada about 4000 years ago． 6）They hunted a type of deer in summer and in winter they built small round houses with blocks of snow． 7） They lived on fish and meat．8）They used to make holes in the ice to catch fish and seals．9）They made clothes and shoes from furs and from skins of seals．10）There are about 25000 Inuit in all． 5．课堂讨论：1） Do you think whether it is a good idea to have the way of Inuit life kept alive for many more centuries？Why／Why not？2）In the past Inuit lived a quite different life from other people in Canada．Please pick out these differences． 数分钟后，学生在班上交流，教师予以讲评。 6．布置作业 1）将两课内容结合，描述加拿大概况；2）完成练习册中所 安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评、订正。 1）notice n．／v． Did you notice the man leaving／leave the house？ He noticed that a crowd gathered in one part of the square． The notice on the wall says：NO SMOKING． 2）settle He settled in the country after his retirement． After years of travelling，he decided to settle down． I hope the boys will settle their quarrel and become friends． 3）struggle n．／v． They have struggled for years to free their country from the enemy． In the struggle to arrest the thief，three policemen were injured． 4）freeze／freezing The water pipe froze last night as a result of the cold weather． The child froze at the sight of the snake． The radio says that temperature will be below freezing． 5）average The boy’s work at school is above／below the average． What was the average temperature last month？ 6）be famous for France is famous for her fine food and wine． 7）a great deal of A great deal of money has been spent on the new hospital． I have learnt a great deal from my visit here． 8）refer to If you don’t know what this means，please refer to a dictionary． Don’t refer to the matter again． 3．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，组织学生俩人一组，利用课文中所提供的 信息填写表格。 Say something about Canada with the information given in the Reading Passage： （斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示） 七八分钟后，请同学在班上交流，教师予以讲评，并鼓励学生将自己整理 的内容连成短文。 4．教师要求学生从课文中找中有关对北美印地安人和因努伊特人的介绍， 并加以整理： Say something about the North American Indians and Inuit in Canada：Hints： 1）In which part of Canada do the North American Indians live？2）How long have they lived there？ 3）What did they live on in the early days？ 4）What are the people of northern Canada called？5）Where did they come from and when did they settle in Canada？6）What did they do in winter and summer？ 7）What did they live on？ 8） How did they catch fish and seals？9） How did they make clothes and shoes？10）How many Inuit are there in all？ 5．布置作业 1）预习第 8单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1．It is larger than the USA and reaches nearly a quarter of the way round the earth．它（指加拿大）比美国还要大，其国土的长度几乎达到地球（同纬度 的）周长的四分之一。 句中 reach是不及物动词，意为：延伸。例如： How far does the new road reach？这条新公路通到哪里？ The speaker’s voice didn’t reach to the back of the hall．演讲者的声音不能 传到大厅后边。 reach也可作及物动词，意为：抵达；伸手碰到；和某人联系等。例如： When they reached the hotel，they found the guests had left．当他们到达旅馆 时，发现客人们已经走了。 He reached his hand out for the book．他伸出手来去拿那本书。 I can’t reach the top of the door．我够不到门的上边。 We have attempted to reach him by mail and by phone，but apparently he is out of town． 我们试图给他写信和打电话，但显然他不在城里。 2．As in China，the weather is different from area to area．同中国的情况一样， 加拿大的气候也随着地区的不同而不同。 as in China中的 as是连词，意为：正如；如像。这个结构相当于一个省略了 的方式状语从句：As it is the case in China…（正如在中国的情况那样……）。再 如： As in your country，we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south．正如你 们国家的情况一样，我们在北方种小麦，南方种大米。 As in the last experiment，he again got the same result this time．正如上次的 实验一样，他这次获得了同样的结果。 from area to area意为：from one area to another。类似的短语有：from place to place；from day to day；from door to door；from house to house；from side to side等。 3．The country has a great deal of coal，oil and natural gas，and these are all exploited for energy．加拿大拥有大量的煤、石油和天然气，这些全都开发作能源。 a great deal of意为：很多，后接不可数名词。如：a great deal of money（trouble，smoke，pain，help，thought等）。 exploit是及物动词，可以理解为“利用（use）；开发（develop）。例如： You must exploit every opportunity to learn new things．你必须利用一切机会 来学习新东西。 We must exploit our rich resources for the development of our industry．我们必 须开发我们丰富的资源来发展工业。 4．They made clothes and shoes from furs and from skins of seals．他们用兽 毛和海豹皮做衣服和鞋子。 make A from B这一短语意为：用 B制成A。例如： Workers make furniture from wood．工人用木材制成家具。 这一结构还常常用于被动句，即：A is made from B，表示：A是由 B制成 的。例如： These little toys are made from pieces of colour paper．这些小玩具是由彩色纸 做成的。 这个结构还可用make…out of代替。生动式是make A out of B；被动结构是 A is made out of B，意思不变。上述例句可改成： Workers make furniture out of wood． These little toys are made out of pieces of colour paper．