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Unit 22 Britain and Ireland Lesson 85 【目标与要求】 一、交际用语 1）Where are you from？ 2）What are you？ 3）I’m from… 4） I’m puzzled． 二、单词和词组 1）Scottish 2）Scotland 3）puzzled 4）nationality 5） Scots 三、句型 1）Are you English？ 2）Where are you from？ 3）But I thought you said you weren’t English． 4）It’s to the north of England． 【讲解设计】 一、交际用语 1．Where are you from？ 这是询问某人来自哪里的用语。相当于Where do you come from？ 2．What are you？ 此句在本课中的意思是“你是什么地方的人？”。在另外的场合中，它的意 思是“你是干什么的？”。例如： —What are you？你是干什么的？ —I’m a doctor．我是医生。 二、单词和词组 1．English English和 British 都可以指英国人，正如 England和 Britain都可以指英国一 样。但是严格地说 English特指 People of England（即英格兰人），因为 England 只是 Britain的一部分。 2．Scottish Scottish，Welsh和 Irish分别可指苏格兰人，威尔士人和爱尔兰人。这些人 被说成是 British（英国人）是可以的，但不能把他们说成是 English（英格兰 人）。 3．puzzled Puzzled和 puzzling的意思不同，前者指“感到迷惘不解的”，后者指“令 人感到迷惘不解的”。试比较： This is a puzzling problem and I’m reallypuzzledbyit．这是一个令人迷惑不 解的问题，我正为他所迷惑。 与此类似的词还有 excited和 exciting， surprised和 surprising等。 4．nationality nationality的意思是“国籍”，问“他属于什么国籍？”，通常表达为 What is his nationality？而不说What nationality does hebelong to？ 三、句型 1．But I thought you said you weren’t English． 1）这是一个复合句，主句 I thought后省去了连词 that， you said you weren’t English是宾语从句。 2）Ithought或 Ihad thought意为“我原以为”，与现在和过去的后来所发 生的事或存在的状态相反。例如： Hello， Mary！ —Oh， you have returned！ Ithought youwouldn’t return until next week． I had thought I could beat him， but I failedto do so．我原以为我能打败他， 但是我未能成功。 第一例表示与现在相反的事实，用Ⅰ thought。第二例表示与过去相反的事 实，含有过去的过去之意，所以用 Ihad thought。 2．It’s to the north of England． 句中的介词短语 to the north of England作表语。注意 to和 in表示不同的方位 概念。试比较： Japan lies to the eastofChina．日本在中国的东面。 China lies in the east of Asia．中国在亚洲的东部。 It’s part of Britain． 句中名词短语 partofBritain作表语，注意和 apartofBritain的区别：partof… 指“……的一部分”，未说明是一半以上或一半以下，而 apartof…指“……一 小部分，一半以下”。本课中的 partofBritain侧重说明苏格兰是英格兰的组成部 分，故 part前不用 a。 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、根据汉语完成对话 Tom： I think she was in myjunior high school． Mary：_______（哪一位女性）？ Tom： The girl（站在靠近门的）． Mary：Oh， She looks nice.________（她有美丽的长发）． Tom： Her name is Jane．_____（让我把你向她介绍一下）．Jane，how are you？ Jane：Oh， Tom．________（我们又在同一所学校了）． Tom： That’s right， Jane．______（我希望你见见我的新朋友玛丽）． Jane：How do you do，Mary？ Mary：How do you do， Jane？ 【练习设计】·拓展练习 二、补全对话：从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有 两项多余选项 A：Hi，Meimei！Have you been to the National Theatre？ B：Certainly．If I lived in London，I’d probably go to the theatre every week． A：____I’ve already seen four or five plays．On Saturday I’m going to see “When we are marriedat the National Theatre． B：______Have you booked a seat？ A：No，not yet． B：Well，if I were you，I’d book immediately． A：_____Then let’s go and see it together， shall we？ B：____I’ve already arranged to go to Bristol．If I am staying here I’d go with you．It’s a very popular play． A．Yes，I agree． B．That’s all right． C．Oh，are you？ D．Oh，is that so？ E． Ienjoyed myself very much． F．What a pity I won’t be here！ G．I think the theatres here are excellent． Lessons 86 & 87 【目标与要求】 一、单词和词组 1）separate 2）stand for 3）be made up of 4）be famous for 5）programme 6）in Welsh 7）used to be 8）be about to 9）have a population of 10）be divided into 11）neither…nor… 12）live on 13）mainly 14）go bad 15）keep in touch with 16）lead a simple life 17）go to church 18）play an important part in 19）be fond of 20）get together 二、句型 1）On the right is a map of the islands of Britain and Ireland． 2）The larger of the tow islands in Britain，which lies to the east of Ireland． 3）The southern part of the island is a separate country called the Republic of Ireland with Dublin as its capital． 4）Although many families became separated，people still kept in touch with each other． 【讲解设计】 一、篇章结构 1．中心思想 The letters“UK”stand for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”．The UK is made up of four parts：England，Scotland，Wales and Northern Ireland．Ireland is divided into two countries．Inthe north，Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom．The southern part of the island is a separate country，called the Republicof Ireland． 2．段落大意 The whole text can be divided into four parts． Part 1（Para．1—4） Something about theUK Part 2（Para．5—6 and lesson 87） Something about the Ireland 二、单词和词组 1．separate separate 作及物动词时，与 from搭配，即 separate…from…。例如： I separated good apples from the rotten ones． All his family was separated during the floods． separate作形容词用时，意为“各自的、独立的”，置于名词前。例如： He lives with his parents and they don’thave separate rooms． 2．stand for 此词组意为“代表，主张，忍受”等。例如： —What does the letter O stand for in chemistry？ —It stands for oxygen． We stand for self-reliance． 我们主张自力更生。 I find I can’t stand for those who put onairs．我觉得我不能忍受那些摆架子 的人。 3．be made up of be made up of表示由不同成分或成员组成，bemadeof表示由某种成分或材 料组成并可以看得出原材料，bemadefrom表示由某种成分或材料制成但看不出 原材料。试比较： A football team is made up of eleven players． Bread is made from wheat． The bridge is made of stone． 4．be famous for be famous for意为“因……而出名”，befamous as意为”作为……而出 名”。试比较： The town is famous for its hot springs． 该镇因温泉而出名。 Mark Twain is famous as a writer． 5． in Welsh in Welsh意为“用威尔士语”，这里用 in不用with。类似的还有： in short sentences in small/large letter in ink/pencil in a loud/low voice 6．used to 1）used to和 be，have连用，可以用来描述过去的状态。例如： I used to be a waiter，but now I’m a taxi-driver． I used to have a moustache，but I haveshaved it off．我留过胡子，但是我已 把它剃掉了。 如果指过去状态而不用 used to，就需要指出时间。例如： I was a waiter years ago，but now I’m ataxi-driver． 2）used to和行为动词使用可以表示过去的习惯行为。例如： I used to smoke，but I don’t any more． would可以代替 used to，但它与一般过去时一样，必须指出时间。我们常用 would来谈论经常的活动，特别是在叙事或回忆中。在非正式的叙事中，would 常可缩略为’d。 7．be about to be about to do sth．意为“即将干某事”。例如： I was about to leave when the telephonerang． The train is about to arrive． 8．be divided into divided有“（将一个整体）分成若干部分”的意思，而 separate作“将各 部分分离、分割开”解；被 divide的东西，在一定条件下，具有一定的统一性， 被 separate的东西不具备统一性的特点。例如： The brothers were separated by the war． You’d better divide the cake into tenpieces． 9．neither… nor… neither… nor…与 either…or不同。试比较： Most people like to live where the weatheris neither too cold in winter nor too hot insummer．大多数人喜欢生活在天气冬暖夏凉的地方。 You can take either this apple or that applebut you can’t take both．你可以拿 这只苹果或那只，但不能两只都拿。 either…or表示“两者居其一”，neither… nor表示“对两者的否定”。 10．keep in touch with keep in touch with意为“与某人保持联系”， get in/into touch with意为 “与某人取得联系”，lose touch with意为“与某人失去联系”。keep in touch with表示持续性的状态，get in/into touch with表示一时性的动作，不可以和时 间段状语连用。试比较： They have kept in touch with each other forthree years． We got in touch with our teacher by telephone only three weeks ago． 三、句型 1．On the right is a map of the islands ofBritish and Ireland． 这是一个倒装句，也可以写成On the right there is a map of the islands of Britain andIreland。但介词短语或副词表示方位或时间时可以采用倒装句。例如： At the top of the hill stands a temple． On the table lie two books． From west to east in Central China flowsthe Changjiang river． Nearby the farm house is a small river． Now comes your turn to read the text． 2．The larger of the two islands in Britain， which lies to the east of Ireland． 1）本句中的which是关系代词，引导一个非限制性的定语从句，以补充说 明 Britain的情况。 2）句中的 the larger of the two islands意思是“两岛中较大的一个”，这里 的 the不能省。 又如： the taller of the two brothers the cheaper of the two rulers 3．The southern part of the island is a separate country，called the Republic of Ireland with Dublin as its capital． 句中的with短语是介词复合结构，在句中作定语，此结构常用作状语。注 意下列介词后面的复合宾语的形式： 1）with+名词/代词+动词现在分词 With the spring coming，the trees turn green． 2）with+名词/代词+动词过去分词 With everything done，we went home． 3）with+名词/代词+形容词 With so many people ill，we’ll have to send for doctors． 4）with+名词/代词+动词不定式 With all these documents to type，I’ll have to stay up． 5）with+名词/代词+介词短语 With much food in his mouth，he went into the meeting-room． 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、单词辨音 1．puzzle A．use B．unite C．wonder D．want 2．republic A．poem B．continent C．scene D．live 3．ocean A．improve B．move C．cross D．coal 4．church A．chemistry B．search C．ache D．cake 5．Asia A．save B．sort C．separate D．social 二、单词拼写 1．Better methods of____（农业）are needed to feed the world’s population． 2．I like the country，____（尤其）in autumn． 3．She doesn’t want to be____（分开）from her husband． 4．Our class is____（分）into four groups． 5．The United Kingdom is not a____（共和国）． 6．They were both of the same____（国籍）． 7．Those who have not known____（饥饿）can never imagine how it feels． 8．Some____（诗）are difficult to recite． 9．____（病）is usually caused by germs． 10．Japan is famous for the____（生产）of transistor radios． 三、用所给词组的适当形式填空 keep in touch with，go bad，live on，be full of，be fond of，lead a simple life，die of，used to，be famous for，be made up of， 1．Japan____ many islands． 2．They____each other for years． 3．Although he was very rich，he____． 4．When I got there，the reading room ____people． 5．They____play football，didn’t they？ 6．What did this boy____？ 7．My brother____ music． 8．Hangzhou____ its beauty of scene． 9．Everybody should____ air． 10．The apples will____ over a few days in such warm weather． 四、选择填空 1．Which is____，an elephant or a horse？ A．the heavier B．heavier C．heaviest D．the heaviest 2．With so many exercise-books____，I can’t enjoy my weekend． A．to be checked B．checking C．checked D．being checked 3．Mike____ to the library so often in the past，did he？ A．is not used to going B．wasn’t used to go C．usedn’t to go D．didn’t use to go 4．There is____air____water on the moon． A．either…or B．neither…nor C．both…and D．not only…but also 5．Who is the boy____is reading a newspaper over there？ A．who B．which C．that D．/ 6．—He didn’t go to the zoo，did he？ —____， ____． A．Yes，he didn’t B．No，he did C．Yes，he does D．No，he didn’t 7．He____ all morning instead of doing his lessons． A．has been playing B．plays C．have played D．playing 8．A bike is much ____expensive than a car． A．too B．less C．least D．little 9．John was born____London____ December 12th 1980． A．in…on B．on…in C．in…in D．on…on 10．There are____ in that factory． A．hundred young workers B．hundreds young workers C．a hundred of young workers D．hundreds of young workers 11．Have you ever____ to Paris？ A．gone B．be C．were D．been 12．The new hospital____in a year． A．will be completed B．is completed C．has been completed D．will complete 五、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子 1．The theatre lies____（该城的西部）． 2．China is____（发挥重要的作用）in the international affairs． 3．With the invention of the telephone，people can____ （进行接触）each other very easily． 4．Tigers____（以肉食为主）． 5．In the 1930，lots of Chinese people____（死于饥饿）and floods． 6．During the holidays，we went to Mount Tai，which is one of____ （最为著名的山）in China． 7．Do you like to live____（冬暖夏凉的地方）？ 8．There used to be a temple in the village，____（是不是）？ 【练习设计】·拓展练习 六、完形填空 India is the 1 of tigers．Every year，many people 2 by tigers．The tiger，however，does not always eat men．It likes wild animals 3 ．It is only when the tiger is old or wounded that it eats men．But once it tastes the flesh of men，it 4 men for food．When a man-eater such as this discovered，people are afraid．They 5 in the field． There are many ways to put an end to such dangerous animals．One way is that some men 6 long guns and ride on elephants while other men drive the tiger towards them． 7 is for a hunter to sit in a tree near the place where a tiger has eaten somebody．If the tiger 8 for another meal，the hunter will kill it in the hiding place．A goat may be tied to the tree for the tiger to kill．The 9 way is to hunt a tiger on foot．But the man must be brave and can shoot well 10 he would be killed by the tiger． 1．A．home B．house C．room D．family 2．A．are dead B．are killed C．eaten D．are caught 3．A．most B．more C．better D．best 4．A．goes on killing B．kept on C．goes on to kill D．goes away 5．A．have to stop working B．will stop working C．have to stop to work D．would stop working 6．A．have B．with C．take D．bring 7．A．The other way B．Another way C．Other way D．Some other way 8．A．goes B．comes C．returns D．enters 9．A．better B．most dangerous C．safe D．easy 10．A．or B．and C．then D．so Lesson 88 【目标与要求】 一、听力 Wales 二、写作 方位语的使用。 【讲解设计】 一、听力 1）注意整段听力材料的大意，抓住内容的几个主要方面去听，如本段材料 讲述的有关地理方面的知识，听录音时先着重了解该段所提及地区的地貌、气候 等方面，再根据所要回答的题目去抓住细节。 2）注意使用动名词及动词不定式短语简略回答问题。 二、写作 在掌握本单元介绍有关英国和爱尔兰地理知识的基础上，学会使用有关方 位的短语及句型；并能以此学会描写某地或某国家的情况的知识性短文。 【练习设计】 一、听力 1．We call Finland“the country of a thousand lakes”because____． A．most of its surface is covered with a thousand lakes B．9％ of its total area is covered by water C．it lies among a thousand lakes D．there are thousands of lakes in it 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage？ A．Most lakes in Finland are separated by rivers． B．The lakes in Finland actually form one continuous body of water． C．The number of lakes in Finland must be the same as that of rivers． D．Most lakes are joined to one another． 3．Going sightseeing（观光）in Finland，you might feel it happier to travel____． A．by water B．by air C．on foot D．on a train 4．It’s clear that Finland____． A．lies within the Arctic Circle B．is near to the Arctic Ocean C．belongs to the world’s coldest continent—Antarctica D．is to the south of the equator（赤道） 5．Another name of Finland is____． A．the country of a thousand hills B．the country of a thousand islands C．the country of a thousand rivers D．the country of a thousand birds 二、写作 写一篇介绍南京的小短文，内容包括如下要点： 1）南京位于长江南岸，是江苏省的省会； 2）南京历史悠久，有许多历史名胜，如玄武湖、中山陵等，每年有来自国 内外的众多游客观光； 3）南京以绿树著称，四季分明，夏天尤其炎热，因此有“火炉”之称。 （80词左右）