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Unit 20 Disability Lesson 77 【目标与要求】 一、交际用语 1）It’s a bit windy today，isn’t it？ 2）Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine． 3）I hope so． 4）It’s a pleasure．What time is it by yourwatch，please？ 二、单词和词组 1）hopefully 2）dream of 3）come true 4）seldom 5）even though（-even if） 6）so far as 7）turn out 三、句型 I’m determined to enjoy myself as much aspossible 【讲解设计】 一、交际用语 1．It’s a bit windy today， isn’t it？ 今天有点风，是吗？ 这是一个反意疑问句，但其实不是说话者在提问题，而是打招呼，句末读 降调。英美风俗，熟人相见，谈论气候的较多，以表示招呼。又如： —It’s a bit cold today，isn’t it？ —Yes，isn’t it？／it is． 2．Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine． 明天有望是晴天。 hopefully是副词，此处是美国口语的用法，意思是“希望……”，相当于 “It is to behoped that…”。hopefully后接句子，句中常用一般将来时。例如： Hopefully our football team will win． 希望我们的足球队会赢。 二、单词和词组 1．dream of 意思是“梦想、向往、渴望、梦见”。例如： We all dream of going to college． 我们都向往上大学。 He dreamed of becoming a film star． 他梦想成为影星。 2．come true 意思是“实现、达到、变为现实”。come在此处为连系动词，后加形容词。例 如： Our wish came true at last． His dream to join the army has come true． 3．seldom 副词，意思是“很少、不常”。被视为否定词，若后面跟反意疑问句，应用 肯定式。类似的词还有：hardly，rarely，never等。例如： He seldom goes to the cinema，does he？ They have never seen a monkey，have they？ 4．even though=even if 连词词组，意思是“即使、纵使、尽管”，引导让步状语从句。如： I shall still go there even though hedoesn’t come．即使他不来，我仍将去。 He shall try again even though he fails again．即使再次失败，他也要再试一 次。 三、句型 I’m determined to enjoy myself as much aspossible，even though I can’t see everthing．即使我不能看到每样东西，我仍然决心充分享受一下。 1）本句中 be determined to do…意思是“下决心做……”。例如： I’m determined to finish the task by my－self．我下决心自己完成这项任务。 He is determined to catch up with Jack． 他下决心要赶上杰克。 2）as…as possible意思是“尽可能……”（＝as…as one can）。例如： Come back as soon as possible． ＝Come back as soon as you can． Finish your homework as early as possible． 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、用所给词或词组的适当形式填空 turn out，even though，hop efully，dream，seldom，come true，so far as， as…as possible，manage，be determined to 1．____I know，he was once a thief． 2．Only by working hard can our dream______one day． 3．The English evening_____a great success． 4．The peasants kept working_____it was raining hard． 5．—Shall I help you with the box？ —No，thanks．I can_____it myself． 6．He is so careful that he____makes any mistake． 7．She_____become a doctor after graduation． 8．______the classmaster will permit us to go outing tomorrow． 9．Read______ English novels______．By doing that，you can improve your English． 10．I have______of becoming a sailor since I was a child． 【练习设计】·拓展练习 二、选择合适的句子完成对话 A：What are you planning to do？ B： 1 A：Where are you travelling？ B：To Beijing，Shanghai，Guanzhou and Nanjing． A： 2 B：By bike． A：On your bikes？ 3 B：About two months． A： 4 B：We’re trying to collect money for rescuing the milu deer． A：That sounds a great ideA．5 ． B：Thanks a lot． A．We are planning to collect money． B．How long will it take？ C．I have the same idea as you． D．Good luck with your trip． E．We are planning to travel． F．How are you going？ G．Why are you making the trip？ Lesson 78～79 【目标与要求】 一、单词和词组 1）slightly 2）platform 3）prevent…from… 4）matter 5）disabled 6）tongue 7）in need of… 8）as a matter of fact 9）end up with 10）enter 11）medical treatment 12）declare 13）as though（＝as if）． 14）have the wrong attitude towards… 二、句型： 1）In a lecture hall of a university in Englandsits a professor． 2）Not only does he have to type out the an－swer on a computer，but he also gets thecomputer to translate it into sounds． 3）Her face is pale．She looks as though she isin need of a rest． 三、语法 倒装 【讲解设计】 一、篇章结构 1．中心思想 By giving us some examples of successful peoplewith disabilities，the passage mainly tells us the fact thatdisabled people can also achieve great success in theirlives．People are required not to have the wrong atti-tude towards people with disabilities．Instead，everyoneshould his best to life easier for them． 2．段落大意 The whole text can be divided into fourparts： Part 1（ParA．1～3） Examples of successful people with disabili－ties． Part 2（ParA．4～5） Wrong attitude towards people with dis- abilities． Part 3（ParA．6） Things to be done to make life easier forpeople with disabilities． Part 4（ParA．7） New government programme to help peoplewith disabilities in ChinA． 二、单词和词组 1．prevent…from… 意思是“阻止某人做……，防止某人做……”。常构成 prevent sb．from doing sth．，其中 from可以省略掉。例如： The heavy rain prevented us（from）goingouting．大雨阻止了我们去郊游。 We should do things to prevent the air（from）being polluted． 与之相类似的词组还有：stop sb．（from）doing…，keep sb．from doing… 2．as a matter of fact 意思是“事实上、实际上”，相当于 in fact或 actually。例如： As a matter of fact，he didn’t go there atall．事实上，他根本没去。 As a matter of fact，it’s you who arewrong．事实上，是你错了。 3．end up with 意思是“以……结束”，其中 up可以省略掉。例如： He ended up his speech with a funny story． We ended the dinner up with fruit． 与之同义的还有 close with，与之反义的有：begin with。例如： He closed his speech with “Thank you，MrChairman”． The teacher began the class with a song． 4．declare 作及物动词，意思是“宣告、宣布、声明”。后面接名词、代词、从句等。例如： I declared I had nothing to do with it． The chairman declared the results of theelection． declare war on against…向他国宣战 三、句型 1．In a lecture hall of a university in Englandsits a professor．在英国一所 大学的学术报告厅里坐着一位教授。 这是一个倒装句，正常语序应是：A profes－sor sits in a lecture…再如： Under the tree sits an old man． Once there lived a foolish king． 2．Not only does he have to type out the an-swer on a computer，but he also gets thecomputer to translate it into sounds．他不仅要把答案在计算机上打 出来，而且还要让计算机把答案转变成声音。 本句也是倒装句，当 not only…but also…连接两个句子且置于句首时，not only后面的分句要用倒装语序。又如： Not only does he study well，but also he isgood at playing football． 3．Her face is pale．She looks as though she isin need of a rest．她的脸色 苍白，她看上去好像需要休息。 as though （＝as if）“好像、仿佛、似乎”，如果后面跟的是事实，用陈述 语气；如不是事实或不可能发生，则常用虚拟语气。例如： My son stared at me as if I were a stranger． It looks as if it is going to rain． He always keeps working as if he were nev-er tired． 四、语法 倒装 （The Inversion） 在英语中，由于语法和修辞的需要，常把谓语置于主语前边，我们称之为 倒装。 倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装，完全倒装即把谓语完全置于主语前，而部 分倒装则是谓语的一部分，通常是助动词或情态动词等置于主语前。 1）完全倒装常有以下情况： ①以 there和 here开头的句子。例如： There is the letter for you． 注意：主语是人称代词时，不用倒装。如： Here you are．给你。 There she comes．她来了。 ②在以 out，on，up，down开头的句子里。如：Out rushed the boy． 比较下句：Out he rushed． ③介词短语作状语置于句首时。如： In front of the house parks a new car． ④在以 such和 then开头的句子里。如： Such will be our family in the future． 这就是我们的未来家庭。 Then came the war ages． 随后就是战争年代。 2）不完全倒装有以下情况： ①在疑问句中。 ② neither，nor和 so引出的句子表示与前面所讲的情况相同。例如： I can speak English．So can she． He didn’t know the girl．Nor did I． ③ only修饰状语，置于句首。 Only by working hard can we pass theexams． ④某些否定词置于句首，表示强调。如： never，seldom，hardly，neither，nor，not，only，little等。如： Never have I seen such an exciting film． Little did I know about it． ⑤ so…that…，such…that…句子中，so，such置于句首。例如： So wonderful is the design that people allstop to have a look．设计是如此精彩， 人们都驻足欣赏。 ⑥在带 if的虚拟条件句中，if省略以后。 Were I you，I would go there． Had I known the news，I would have toldyou about it． 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、单词辨音 1．tongne A．Engish B．language C．longer D．singer 2．seize A．height B．neighbour C．eight D．ceiling 3．seldom A．conduct B．video C．come D．cover 4．musician A．decare B．ocean C．each D．voice 5．probable A．disability B．disable C．flag D．advanced 二、单词拼写 1．The firefighter arrived in a short while and succeeded in p______the fire from spreading． 2．The chairman d______the meeting closed． 3．Army officers usually have their h_____ harmed by the loud noise from the guns． 4．He has always dreamed of becoming a m____and writing the most beautiful music for people 5．Don’t be n_____．You are sure to win the competition． 6．Finally he changed his a_____towards me and we become friends again． 7．You can’t e_____the room without a pass． 8．He went back to London without having a____ any success． 9．H____it will be fine so that the sports meet won’t be put off． 10．There will be 200 of us singing at the concert，so we shall need a c_______to keep us in time． 三、用所给词或词组的适当形式填空 in need of，top，prevent…from…，matter，declare，as a matter of fact， end up with，refer to，total，as though 1．Yesterday one of the ______experts in this field gave us a wonderful talk． 2．—what’s the______of his income every year？ —About 20，000＄． 3．Does it______if I don’t attend the meeting？ 4．The heavy snow_____us_____arriving there on time． 5．The flooded areas in China are______of medicine． 6．The teacher______that we could have a day off tomorrow． 7．The book he______is well worth reading． 8．He said that he knew nothing about it．______，he was telling a lie． 9．It looks______they had never enjoyed such a meal． 10．We_____the party_____ a cup of wine． 四、句型转换 1．I didn’t leave until my father came back． ____ ____ my father came back_____I leave． 2．If he had been there，it wouldn’t have happened． ____ ____ ____ ____，it wouldn’t have happened． 3．The task was so difficult that most of us couldn’t finished it． _____ _____ _____ _____ _____that most of us couldn’t finishd it． 4．We can have a good rest only on Sundays． _____on Sundays _____we have a good rest． 【练习设计】·拓展练习 五、完形填空 Many people go to school for an education．They 1 languages，history，geography，physics，chemistry and mathematics．Others go to school to learn a 2 so that they can make a 3 ．School education is very important and 4 ．Yet 5 can learn everything fromschool．A teacher， 6 how much he knows，can not teach his students everything they want toknow．The teacher’s job is 7 his students how to learn．He teaches them how to read and howto think．So，much more is to be learned 8 school by the students themselves． It is always more important to know how to 9 than to memorize some facts or a formula（公式）．It is actually quite 10 to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics but it isvery difficult to use a formula in 11 a maths problem．Great scientists，such as Einstein，Newtonand Gaileo 12 everything from school 13 they were all so successful．They 14 so manythings for mankind．The 15 for their success is that they knew how to 16 ．They had booksthat were not taught 17 ．They worked hard all their lives， 18 not a single moment．They 19 any questions as they read and they did thousands of 20 ． Above all，they knew how to use their brains． 1．A．teach B．learn C．know D．educate 2．A．way B．job C．work D．skill 3．A．thing B．teacher C．book D．living 4．A．useful B．difficult C．necessary D．good 5．A．everyone B．anyone C．no one D．some one 6．A．though B．even if C．however D．no matter 7．A．to show B．telling C．asking D．taught 8．A．in B．outside C．at D．by 9．A．study oneself B．teach C．read D．see 10．A．difficult B．easy C．different D．hard 11．A．learning B．working on C．working out D．dealing 12．A．got B．didn’t get C．learned D．knew 13．A．But B．And C．still D．While 14．A．find B．taught C．told D．invented 15．A．reason B．way C．cause D．aim 16．A．work B．study C．play D．live 17．A．at home B．from books C．at school D．by themselves 18．A．wasting B．having C．finding D．costing 19．A．had B．would ask C．didn’t raise D．showed 20．A．work B．reading C．job D．experiments 六、阅读理解 When a bone breaks，new cells（细胞）begin to grow at the broken ends．More and more new cellsare formed until finally the broken ends meet and join together． To find out if a bone is broken，the doctor uses an X－ray machine．This machinecan photographthe inside of the body．The photographs it takes are called X －ray photographs．Have you ever been X-rayed before？ The support of the body is the backbone or spine．It is made up of a long row of small bonesjoined to one another．It is found only in the neck and trunk．Animals like fishes，frogs，lizards（蜥蜴），birds and dogs have back bones，too． Bones not only support our bodies but also help to protect important organs（器 官）．The skull（颅骨）protects the brain．The ribs（肋骨）protect the lungs and heart．The hips（胯部）protect part of thefood canal．The spine protects the spinal cord（脊髓）． There are different types of bones in our bodies．Some are flat（平坦的）， some are short，someare long and some are irregular in shape．Can you name such types of bones？ 1．The new cells growing_____． A．prevents the bones from being broken B．makes the broken bones form again C．helps the broken ends come to join together D．makes the bones grow better 2．X－ay machine is used to______． A．join one broken end to another B．discover if there are broken ends on the bones C．take the photographs of the body’s inside D．cure the broken bones 3．Spine_____． A．protects the neck and trunk B．Is the main support of the body C．is made up of small bones D．both B and C are right 4．When you are frightened， a cold probably______． A．appears on your skull B．comes up from your ribs C．appears all over your body D．runs down your spine 5．The food canal is used to_____． A．send food from north to south B．gather food C．let the eaten food pass through D．produce water for food． Lesson 80 【目标与要求】 一、单词和词组 1）at the latest 2）look forward to 3）go wrong 4）in total 二、听力 掌握大意，查找细节。 三、写作 学写回信。 【讲解设计】 一、单词和词组 1．at the latest最迟、至迟 这个词组也可以说成 at latest。例如： Be here on Monday at（the）latest． latest意为“最近的、最新的”。如： thelastest news最新消息 2． look forward to期望，盼望 to在此词组中是介词，所以后面应是 sth．或者 doing sth．。例如： We all look forward to his coming． I am looking forward to his letter． 3． in total total可作形容词，意为“完全的、主体的”；可作名词，意为“总数、总 额”；还可作动词，意为“总计”。例如： What are your total debts？（形容词） Add up these figures and see if the total iscorrect．（名词） The visitors to the exhibition totalled15，000．（动词） 二、听力 1）听清老师对该段听力材料的介绍，了解材料所涉及的主要内容。 2）听前了解该材料的重点、难点。 ① What is the doctor expert at？② Is hesuccessful？③ What does he often do besidestreating the patient？④ What led him to studymedicine？ 3）听二至三遍，完成所有练习。 三、写作 1）这是一封给教授的回信，因此一定要注意书信的格式。 2）以流畅的语言，委婉地回答教授提出的问题，用语要谦虚、得当。 【练习设计】 一、听力（听对话和问题，选择最佳答案） 1．A．She must leave New York． B．She has to run to New York C．She might lose her way in New York． 2．A．A shelf． B．A gift． C．Nothing． 3．A．By water． B．By plane． C．Riding a horse． 4．A．At a restaurant． B．At the Lost and Found． C．In a department store 5．A．It’s twelve． B．It’s four past twelve． C．It’s eleven fifty－six． 二、根据下列要点写一篇介绍杨教授的短文 1）杨教授是他所研究的这个科学领域里少有的三个一流的科学家之一。 2）他凭自己顽强的意志为人类作出了贡献。 3）他 6岁时发觉腿出了毛病，由于医疗技术的薄弱，导致他双腿不能站立。 4）他在轮椅上度过了这么多年，但是他并不屈服，顽强拼搏，取得了伟大 的成功。 5）他是我们学习的榜样。