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Unit 1 The summer holidays 一、教学目标与要求 通过本单元教学，使学生运用所学语言，流畅地表达自己对别人的问候， 并对别人的问候，予以正确应答。能较为熟练地以书信形式描写自己暑期生活的 片段；能运用特殊疑问句，就自己感兴趣的内容，与同学进行会话。能针对第 3 课的Oral practice练习，整理出相关的疑问句，并将答案以书面形式组织成一篇 60词左右的短文。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 introduce；practice；go on doing；result as a result；in one’s opinion；general idea；employ；regards 2．重要句型 1）So＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语 2）Sometimes we go onworking after dark by the lights of our tractors． 3） I’m quite good/not good at… 4） I en-joy… 5）I prefer…to… 3．语法 复习特殊疑问句：1）Who is that boy over there？ 2）What do you know aboutBob White？ 3）Which school did he go to last year？ 4） Which school does he go to now？5） Which subject is he going to study this term？ 6） What was he doing at this time last year？7）How many Chinese words has he learnt？ 4．日常交际用语 问候和道别（Greetings and farewells）： 1） Hello/Hi．2）Nice to meetyou．/Nice meeting you．3） I’ll introduce you．4）I must go/be off/be leaving now．5）Giveone’s regards/best wishes/love to… 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师可通过以下开场白导入正课：Hello，everybody！I am very happy to be with youthis school year． Let me introduce myself first：I am your new English teacher．My name is… I’ve beenteaching English for… years and I enjoy teaching very much．I believe that everybody wantsto learn English well．Now I am going to show you three English proverbs：1）Where thereis a will，there is a way．2）Practice makes perfect．3）No pain，no gain．All these proverbstell you that if you really want to learn English well and keep trying very hard every day，you will make much progress day by day．Now somebody stands up and introduce yourself tothe whole of the class．Anyone？ 2．教师请一两位同学用英语作自我介绍。如：姓名、来自哪所学校、个人爱 好等。 3．准备放对话录音，用投影仪打出听前提问：（注 1）Which school was Harry in lastyear？ 放录音一至两遍，请一位同学回答上述问题（注 2） Key：Harry was at Centre School last year． 4．学生两个人一组，练习对话 3至 5分钟。教师请几组同学到前面表演。 5．组织学生两个人一组，练习Oral practice所提供的问答练习。教师可请几 组同学进行问答表演。 6．教师指导学生归纳在本课中所出现的有关打招呼和告别的常用语句。 （见日常交际用语部分） 教师提供如下情景（注 3），组织学生编演新的对话： 两个同学在教室门口见面，一个来自本市 5中，另一个来自 15中，相互介 绍个人爱好及暑假活动等。 Two students happen to meet at the classroom door．One is from No．5 Middle Schooland the other is from No．15 Middle School．Make a dialogue between the two to introduceeach other and exchange personal interests as well as activities during the summer vacation． 提示词语：（注 4）1）enjoy reading，watching TV and so on；2）like playing sports，suchas basketball，football，go swimming and so on ；3）have a wonderful time during the sum-mer holidays：4）go to Mount Tai in Shandong； 5）stay at home，reading books 7．3至 5分钟后，请两组同学到前面表演。（注 5） 8．布置作业 1）预习第 2课；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 注 1：关于听前提问 Pre-listening questions以及在阅读中的读前提问 Pre- reading ques-tions，教师可视学生的生源情况，采用不同方法呈现给学生。如： 使用投影仪、小黑板等；如生源情况较好，也可以采用口头提问形式。 注 2：进行这一步教学时，一定要求学生在不看书的情况下听录音，并且 带着教师所提出的问题去听。通过长期训练，可提高学生的听力。 注 3：新学年伊始，教师在提供语言情景时，可采用汉语提示。随着时间的 推移，可逐步过渡到使用英语。为方便起见，本教案在开始阶段提供中英文提示 注 4：当学生根据教师所提供的情景编演对话时，教师应酌情为学生提供 在对话中可能出现的单词和短语，以便帮助学生更好地完成对话。可视自己学生 的情况决定提供哪些词语，以及用何种方式提出。 注 5：当组织学生表演新的对话时，教师可视学生的不同程度提出不同要 求。如生源情况较好，可要求学生在预习的基础上，通过课上练习，将对话以背 诵的形式表演下来。如学生有实际困难，可要求学生在开始阶段（一个月左右） 借助课本将对话表演下来。以后视情况逐步提高要求。 （二）阅读理解课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语（注）。 2．教师给出读前提问：1）What do they grow in the south of the States？ 2）How manydifferent time areas in the United States？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文（默读）。之后请同学回答上述 问题。 Key：1）They grow rice in the south of the States．2）There are five different time areasin the States． 3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度： 1）What is Charlie doing on the farm？2）How long does he work every day？ Why？ 3）How many helpers does his father have？4）How many people does his father employ for theharvest？5）Charlie is the only son in the family，isn’t he？ 6）What do they usually do on Sat-urday evenings？7）According to Charlie，should Americans eat more meat or less meat？ 8）lf it iS 8：00a．m．in Beijing， what’S the time in the USA？ Key：1）Charlie is helping his Dad on the farm．2）Everyday he has to work from dawnuntil dark，because it is the time of year for the rice harvest．3）His father usually has twohelpers．4）The letter does not say exactly how many people．But his father employs moremen for the harvest．5）No，Charlie has got a brother．6）They would have a party on Satur-day evenings．7）In Charlie’s opinion， the Americans eat too much meat．So they should eatless meat．8）Since they are fourteen hours behind Beijing time in Charlie’s state， it’sp．m．in the USA． 4．教师指导学生从 Charlie信中的描写找出和中国学生的暑假生活的不同， 并要求学生以对比的形式口头描述。 Help the students find out the things that are different in their part of China．例 如： 1）In Charlie’s letter he says that he is helping his Dad on the farm．But I spent a lot oftime reading during my summer vacation． I did not do any farm work． 2）Charlie says that they grow rice in the south of the States，but in the north where itis colder they grow wheat．In my part of China，we do grow rice in the south， but we alsogrow rice in the north．And we grow wheat in the north， too． 3）Charlie says that it doesn’t often rain in the summer there．But in the place where Ilive，we have plenty of rain during this period． 5．教师指导学生根据 Charlie的这封信，分别描写你所了解的 Charlie； Charlie’s father；life on the farm。将学生分为几个大组，每组围绕一个题目准备。 数分钟后，请同学口头表演。例如： 1）Charlie is an American student．During the summer vacation he helped his father onthe farm．He worked very hard because it was harvest time．He and his brother did a lot ofwork．For example，they pumped water from a well to water the vegetable garden． 2）Charlie’s father has got a farm．Usually he has two helpers．But when harvest timecomes，he would employ more people．He has two sons，who often help him during the sum-mer vacation． 3）Life on the farm is interesting．Though it is harvest time，they still have a party ev-ery Saturday evening．People cook meat on an open fire outside，They drink beer and have alot of fun． 6．布置作业 1）复述课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （注）在进行阅读课前，如何处理生词及短语，是值得我们探讨的。不少教 师主张由学生预习，这是要坚持的。但学生的预习效果是不同的，需要教师在课 上检查，如学生发音是否正确，是否明确词义，哪些单词的发音或拼写形式需 要特别注意，以及是否可根据学生的情况对词语进行补充和扩展，如：同义、近 义、反义、词型转换等。并对困难的学生提供必要的帮助。因此，这一教学步骤需 要教师依所教学生的实际情况灵活设计。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常见词语配以例句介绍给学生。要求学生 反复练习这些例句，并视学生情况，请同学造句，教师予以订正（注 1）。 词语：at the beginning of；in the beginning；be off/be leaving；introduce somebodyto…；in one’s opinion；find out；from dawn until dark；go on doing something；go on withsomething；go on to do something；employ；as a result； give one’s regards（ best wishes，love）to…； 例句：1）At the beginning of the class，the teacher gave the students a dictation．2）Sure， you’ll find it difficult in the beginning．If you work hard at it，you will be good at it．3） It’s going to rain．I must be off now．4）Well，it’s too late．I must be leaving now．5）Now let me introduce our foreign teacher， Mr．Smith to you．6）In my opinion you should goand see the headmaster and ask for some advice．7）Will you please find out what time thetrain leaves？ 8）In some Asian countries，Children are made to work from dawn until dark．9）Though it was very late，he went on working in his office．10）We’ll stop there for today，and go on with the discussion tomorrow．11）He did morning exercises on the playground，and then went on to read English aloud in the classroom．12）Charlie was employed in thebank．13）He was late as a result of the heavy traffic．14）Please give my best wishes to yourparents．15）Please give my kind regards to your uncle． 3．书面表达练习（注 2）中文提示（用投影片打出）： 1）姐姐暑假当家庭教师 tutor，2）教一个男孩英语；3）男孩淘气不认真； 4）一次上课，他什么也记不住，又喊叫 ，又做鬼脸；5）姐姐生气。 英文提示（用投影片打出）：summer vacation；have somebody do something；go on doingsomething；as a result；in one’s opinion 将首句给出：My sister was employed as a tutor（family teacher）during the summer va-cation． 七、八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 MOdel： My sister was employed as a tutor（family teacher）during the summer vacation．Shehad her boy student reading English and writing compositions．Yet the boy was verynaughty and never did anything carefully． One day my sister spent hours teaching him some words and then went on teaching himthe text．But the boy couldn’t remember a single word and he couldn’t read the text either．Instead he kept on shouting and made strange noises．As a result，my sister was very disap-pointed．She said to the boy，“In my opinion，you should have a policeman instead of a tu-tor．” 4．布置作业 1）预习第 2单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （注 1）由于各单元的难句已在“难句分析”中有详细讲解，故在这个教 学步骤中，只处理一些常见词语和固定搭配（其中部分与“教学重点与难点” 中的“重点词汇”相吻合），目的是为学生提供更多的语言实践机会，接触到 一些地道的英语短句。并通过练习，逐步掌握这些句子。展现例句的方法，教师 可考虑用投影仪，也可用板书或口头形式。在请同学造句时，可酌情为他们提供 一些中文提示。 （注 2）关于书面表达能力训练和培养，建议教师从高一起始阶段抓起。在 起始阶段，可为学生准备较为详尽的提示词语，以及主要内容的大意。提示词语 可考虑从该单元课文或对话中提取，进行有针对性的书面练习。并将短文首句给 出。最后，可用投影片为学生打出范文，供学生参考、比较和修改自己的短文。 四、难句分析 1．So was my friend Bob White．我的朋友鲍勃·怀特也是（去年在中心学校 学习）。 “So＋助动词/情态动词＋主语”这一结构中的“So”代替上文中的某个成 份。 该结构所使用的是倒装语序，句中助动词/情态动词一般与上句中的助动词/ 情态动词相同。如上句中的谓语动词是行为动词，则“So”后面助动词的 do采 用适当形式。例如： 1）I will have a swim this afternoon．So will my classmates．今天下午我要去 游泳，我的同学也去。 2）A：I have lost my dictionary．我的字典丢了。 B：So have I．我的字典也丢了。 3） A：I went to the theatre yesterday．我昨天去剧场了。 B：So did I．我也去了。 2．I must be off now．我现在得走了。 “be off”意为“走掉”、“动身”。例如： 1）l am off tomorrow morning．我明天一早动身。 2）The next day I was off to Washington in a train．第二天，我动身坐火车去 华盛顿。 3．Come on．I will introduce you．来，我来给你做个介绍。 come on这个习惯用语常用来催促或鼓励别人。意为：“快、赶快、来吧、加 油”等。例如： 1）Come on，Jim！I will show you some pictures．吉姆，过来！我来给你看 看这几张照片。 2） Sing us a song，Jane．Come on！来吧，简，给我们唱支歌。 3）“ Come on， Bruce！You are falling behind！”“加油啊！布鲁斯，你 已经落后了！” introduce在句中的意思是“介绍（相识）”。常用于以下结构：introduce sb．to sb．其中，to sb．可以省略。例如： 1）I want to introduce our school headmaster to you．我想把我们的校长介绍 给大家。 2）I’d like to introduce you to my friend， Li Lei．我来把你介绍给我的朋 友，李磊。 4．What was the nicest part of your holiday in your opinion？在你看来，你的 假期哪段时间过得最好？ “ in one’s opinion”意为：“依……看、在……看来”，用来表示个人的 看法和意见，并使自己的看法和意见听起来不那么武断。例如： 1） In my opinion，autumn is the best season in Beijing．在我看来，秋天是 北京最好的季节。 2）In Charlie’S opinnion，Americans should eat less meat．查理认为，美国 人应该少吃点肉。 3）In the opinion of most people，there will be a good harvest this autumn．大 多数人认为，今年秋天应该有个好收成。 5．Here is part of his letter to Li Xiaojun about his summer vacation．这是他写 给李晓军有关他假期生活的一封信的一部分。 part为名词，意为：部分、局部。常用做单数，并且不用不定冠饲。例如： 1）I’m sorry to do this，but it’s part of my duty．很抱歉我得这么做，这 是我的职责。 2）There is but one China and Taiwan is part of China．只有一个中国，而台 湾是中国的一部分。 part还可以用在以下效语中：take part in参加 play a… part in…起……的作 用 for the most part大部分；在大多数情况下 in part部分的；有些部分 6．Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors．有时 天黑后，我们还借拖拉机的灯光继续工作。 go on doing something意为：继续、连续不断地做某事。例如： 1）Charlie went on reading till midnight．查理一直读书到半夜。 2）She waved to me and went on writing her letter．她冲我挥挥手，然后继续 写她的信。 注意 go on doing something和 go on to do something的区别： go on doing something是接着做刚才在做的事，而 go on to do something是 在做完某事后接着做另一件事。例如： 1）After she finished doing her homework，she went on to read her favourite novel．她写完作业后接着就读她喜爱的小说。 2）She rested for a while and went on reading her newspaper．她休息了一会 儿，然后接着看报纸。 此外，本句中 by的意思是：借助、通过、用、以等等，用以说明方式或手段 翻译时需要灵活处理。例如： 1）I knew by his appearance that he was not English．通过他的相貌，我知道 他不是英国人。 2）You have to express your thought by action．你得用行动表达你的思想。 7． Although the farm is large，my dad has only two men working for him．尽 管农场很大，我父亲只雇佣了两个人干活。 句型 have sb．doing sth．意为：让某人做某事；或：让某种情况发生。与 have sb．dosth．相近，但前一种结构强调正在进行的动作；后一种结构表示一 般意义的动作。例如： 1）Don’t forget to have him come．别忘了让他来。 2）We’d be pleased to have you work with us．我们很高兴你能和我们一起 工作。 3）I’ll have you all speaking English well within a year．我要让你们在一年 内都能讲一口漂亮的英语。 8．As a result，we have to water the vegetable garden．因此，我们不得不给 菜园浇水。 as a result意为：因此、结果。例如： 1）It was late at night and there was no bus．As a result，we had to walk home，夜深了，又没有公共汽车，结果我们只好步行回家。 2）He has broken his leg．As a result，he will have to be away from school for two orthree months．他把腿摔断了，因此他将不得不休学两三个月。 as a result之后还可以加 of结构，即：as a result of，意为：由于……的结果， 例如： 1）He is unable to go to work as a result of the fall from his bike．由于从自行 车上摔下来，他不能去上班了。 2）As a result of his hard work，he received a big prize．由于他工作勤奋， 所以获得了大奖。 9．Please give my regards to your parents．请代我问候你的父母。 类似的句子还有： Please give my best wishes to your parents． Please remember me to your parents． Please say hello to your parents．