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Unit 13 Abraham Lincoln Lesson49 【目标与要求】 一、交际用语 1）What’s on at the cinema？ 2）What’s it about？ 3）That sounds interesting． 二、单词和词组 1）the owners of… 2）fight for… 3）slavery 4）freedom. 5）in the end 6）set free 7）end 8）in the newspaper 9）see a movie 三、句型 It’s about a time when there were blackslaves in North America． 【讲解设计】 一、交际用语 What’s on at the cinema？ on在句中作形容词用，表示“上演，播放”，这里 be on=beshown。此外， on作形容词还可以表示“正在（或将要）发生的”，“（机器或电器）工作着 的”。 例如： There’ll be a new film on at the cinema． Is the TV on？ 二、单词和词组 1．the owners of… owner意思为“所有人”，“物主”，其动词形式为 own，意思为“拥 有”（＝have）。例如： He is now the proud owner of a new car． Who owns the house？ 2．fight for… fight for…意思为“为……而战”。这里 fight用作不及物动词，后面还可接 介词with／against。例如： Who’ll fight with you for better workingconditions？ The slaves fought against/with the slaveowners for their freedom． The teacher asked them to stop fighting atonce． 3． in the end 1）end作名词时，可与 in／at／by等介词连用。区别是：in the end=at last／ finally；atthe end必须后接 of，表示“在……末尾/末端”；by the end也必须后 接 of，表示“在……末尾为止”，句中动词常用完成时态。例如： He tried several times to pass the exam andin the end he succeed． At the end of this month，we’ll have atest．这个月末，我们将有一次测验。 He had finished all the work by the end oflast month． 2）end也可用作动词，表示“完成，结束，终止”，例如： The party ended at midnight． He ended his letter with good wishes to thefamily．他在信的末尾祝福全家人。 4．set free… set free意思是“释放，放出”。释放某人通常说 set sb．free。例如： The slave owners didn’t agree to set theirslaves free． Great power is set free when water isboiled．水煮沸时会释放出巨大的能量。 三、句型 It’s about a time when there were blackslaves in North America． 这里由关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词 a time。when 在句中作时间状语。例如： He came at a time when（=at which）I was badly ill．他就在我正生着重病时 来了。 I thought of the years when（=in which）I的那些年。 stayed in the countryside．我想起了我呆在农村 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．The＿are struggling to end the＿．（slave） 2．Stop＿！You shouldn’t have＿with a little boy．（fight） 3．Sometimes you can set yourself＿from the work and enjoy the sunshine，the ＿and the music for a while．（free） 4．He＿two food factories and is also the＿of a supermarket．（own） 5．At the＿of the year，he＿his travel and went back to Britain．（end） 6．The weather in the＿of China is cold and the＿people there feed on wheat． （north） 7．—Do you think＿is the most difficult subjects of all？ —No，and it can also help us to know the＿affairs in the worid．（politics） 8．I’d like to＿you to the＿office．This way，please．（lead） 9．The tourists from home and abroad are especially＿in the places of＿in Xi’an．（interest） 10．That＿worked hard on his＿all the year.（farm） 【练习设计】·拓展练习 二、选择合适的句子完成对话 A：＿Could I speak to Alice？ B：I’m afraid not．She isn’t at home now．She’s gone to the cinema． A：Cinema？＿ B：“Titanic”. A：＿ B：It’s about a love story which happened in the luxury ship“Titanic”． A：＿ B：Wonderful！I’m deeply moved by their love．＿ A：No，but I read about it in the local newspaper． B：You’d better see the movie yourself．It’s well worth seeing． A：OK！Thank you．Bye－bye！ B：Bye-bye！ A．What’s it about？ B．What do you think of it？ C．What’s on tonight？ D．Excuse me！ E．Hello！ F．Haven’t you seen it？ G．What a pity！ Lessons 50＆51 【目标与要求】 一、单词和词组 1）happily for sb． 2）no more than 3）in all 4）in one’s spare time 5）lawyer 6）be against… 7）in one’s political life 8）become President 9）set up 10）break away… 11）break out 12）the American Civil War 13）join up 14）be sad at… 15）beat sb）to death 二、句型 1）As a child，he used to work hard and helpedhis father on the small farm． 2）She did all she could to help him． 3）The people had considered him to be a greatleader．and a wise，kind，and honest man． 4）Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of thegreatest of all the American presidents． 三、语法 定语从句（3）：由where和when引导的定语从句。 1）He used to work hard and help his father onthe small farm where they lived． 2）This was a time when there were still slavesin the USA． 3）The Southern states wanted to set up acountry of their own，where they would befree to keep slaves． 【讲解设计】 一、篇章结构 1．中心思想 Abraham Lincoln devoted all his life tofighting for an end to slavery and for the freedomof all slaves．After the Civil War，the Northwon and the slaves were set free．But Lincolnwas shot by his enemies．Lincoln is considered asone of the greatest presidents in Americanhistory. 2．段落大意 The whole text can be divided into threeparts. Part 1（Para．1） His early life Part2（Para．2—4）His political life Part 3（Para．5）Summary 二、单词和词组 1．Happily for sb． 这个词组常用于句首，意思是 It’s happyfor sb.。类似的结构还有：Luckily for sb…，Unfortunately for…。例如： Luckily for him，he was unhurt in theaccident．所幸的是，他在事故中没有 受伤。 Unfortunately for me，I failed again． 真不走运，我又失败了。 2．no more than 意思和 only相近，表示“仅仅，不过”，注意和 not more than区别开来 。 not more than表示“不超过”。例如： He is no more than 18（＝only 18）． 他仅仅 18岁。 He is not more than 18（=Probably lessthan 18）．他最多 18岁。 3． in all（=altogether） 意思是“总共”。例如： In our class，there are twenty－four girls inall．我们班总共有二十四个女生。 4． in one’s spare time 1）spare意思是“多余的，空闲的”，用作形容词。例如： What do you like doing in your spare time？（=when you are not busy）你在闲 暇时喜欢做什么？ Have you got a spare moment？ I’d like todiscuss something with you．你有一点空闲时间吗？我有件事想 同你讨论。 2）spare也可用作动词，意思是“抽出，腾出，让给”。例如： Can you spare me five minutes？ 你能抽出五分钟和我谈谈吗？ The room is so small that we can’t spareany room for a computer．房间太小 了，不可能腾出空间放电脑的。 5．be against… be against…意思为“反对……”，这里 against是介词。其反义词为 for，be for…，意思为“赞成……”。例如： Are you for or against my suggestion？你是赞成还是反对我的建议？ 6．become President President是表示职务的名词，在英语中如果表示独一无二的头衔、职位或身 份的名词用作主语补语、宾语补语、同位语时，一般不加冠词。例如： Tom was elected chairman of the Student’sUnion．汤姆当选为学生会主席。 7．set up set up不仅有“建立，创办”的意思，还有“竖起，安装，创造”等意思。 例如： They set up a tent in the desert at night． 晚上他们在沙漠里搭起帐篷过夜。 They have set up a new national record of 4×100 meter-relay．他们创造了男子 4×100米新的全国记录。 8．break away from 1） break away from sb．／sth．意思为“同……决裂”。例如： The prisoner broke away from the twopoliceman who were holding him．囚犯 从两个警察手中挣脱逃掉了。 He broke away from his family and went toFrance．他同家庭决裂后，去了法 国。 2）break可用作及物动词或不及物动词，意思是“打破，破碎”。例如： I dropped my cup and it broke．我把杯子掉在地上打碎了。 Someone has broken this chair．有人把椅子弄坏了。 9.break out break out意思是“爆发，发生”。例如： The war broke out in 1949． 战争爆发于 1949年。 A big forest fire broke out． 发生了一场森林大火。 注意：break out不用被动语态。 10．join up join up意思是“联合”，“连接”。例如： I joined up all the paper stars with a line． 我用线把所有纸叠的星星串在一起。 The railway joined up the two big cities． 铁路把两座大城连接了起来。 11．be sad at 介词 at用在一些形容词或相当于形容词 的分词后（如 happy，angry，glad，surprised，disappointed等），表示原 因“由于……，因为…… ”或表示“在……方面（能力）”。例如： I was surprised at his behavior． 我对他的行为感到惊讶。 He’s good at chemistry．他化学学得不错。 三、句型 1．As a child，he used to work hard．As ayoung man，he worked in a store． 1）这两句中的 as都作连词用，意思是“当……时候”，As a child… =As/When he was achild…，As a young man…＝As/When he was young．例如： As a college student，he became interestedin biology．当他还是大学生时，就 对生物学产生了兴趣。 He saw her as he was getting off the bus．正当他下公共汽车时，他看见了她。 2）used to用于过去式中，表示过去常常做某事，结构为“used to do sth．”，而 be used to则表示习惯于某事或做某事，结构为“ be used tosth．/doing sth．”，例如： I used to go to the cinema a lot， but I neverget the time now．我过去常去看电 影，可现在总抽不出时间来。 He didn’ t use to／used not to like fish（butnow he does）．他过去不喜 欢吃鱼（现在喜欢了）。 I’m used to getting up early to read English．我习惯早起读英语。 2．She did all she could to help him． 此句是个省略句，完整句式应为： She did all（that）she could（do） to help him．（that）引导的是以 all为先行词的定语从句， to help him是 she did 的目的状语。此句还可用 what代替 all（that）变为宾语从句。如：She did what she could（do） to help him．也可变为简单句。例如： You must do all you could（do） to persuade him． =You must do what you could（do）to persuade him． ＝You must try your best to persuade him． 3．The people had considered him to be a greatleader． Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest of all the American presidents． 1）句中 consider作“认为”解，后跟不定式复合结构，即“consider sb． ／sth． to be…，consider sb．／sth． as…”与“regard sb．／sth．as…”同义。 例如： The boy considered me to be／as his own sister．男孩把我当作自己的姐姐一 般看待。 Do you consider her（to be） suitable for the job？你认为她做这工作合适吗？ 2）consider sb．to have done表示“认为某人做了某事”。例如： He is considered to have stolen the woman’s wallet．别人都认为是他偷了那 位妇女的钱夹。 3）consider还可作“考虑”解，结构是“consider sth． ／doing sth．”。请 参阅本书 lesson 53讲解。 四、语法 when和 where引导的定语从句 1）限定性定语从句。 （1）when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词，它本身在从句中作时 间状语，相当于 at，in，on，during + which。例如： I’ll never forget the summer holidays when （=during which）I traveled in America．我将永远不会忘记我在美国旅游的 那个暑假。 （2）where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词，它本身在从句中作地 点状语，相当于 in，at，on ＋ which。例如： The bank where（=in which） I work is not for from my home．我工作的那家银行离我家不远。 2）非限定性定语从句。when或where引导的定语从句有时会用逗号同先行 词隔开，被称作非限定性定语从句，起着补充解释或说明先行词或前一句的作 用，但与先行词或前一句衔接不是太紧，语法上讲可以省略。例如： The summer of 1969， when（＝in which） men first set foot on the moon， will never be forgotten by us human beings．1969年的夏天是人们永远不会忘记的，这一年人类第一次登上了月球。 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、单词辨音 1．politics A．political B．owner C．once D．honest 2．southern A．loud B．south C．touch D．soup 3．great A．break B．bread C．breakfast D．theatre 4．lawyer A．union B．radio C．bike D．junior 5． death A． North B．northern C．these D．although 二、单词拼写 1．They often play football on the playground in their s____time．2．In western countries， people like to keep a____as pets（宠物）． 3．In the American Civil War．the North fought a____the South． 4．Deng Xiaoping is c____one of the greatest leaders in China． 5．He was very glad to be elected p____again． 三、用所给词语的适当形式填空 break away， break out， join up， no more than， in one’s spare time，in all，be considered， be beaten to death， study law， set free． 1．He finally became a lawyer after____for four years in the college． 2．The Second World War____ in 1939． 3． You’d better practise your spoken English more____． 4． The little girl____from her parents’ hands and ran after the lovely dog． 5．Jack London____to be one of the best novelists in the world． 6． He____by the cruel enemy and devoted his life to his country． 7．After the Civil War，all the slaves____． 8． He looked like a doctor， but in fact he was____a college student． 9．All the books cost me fifty yuan____． 10．The first thing you must do is to____ all the flowers into a garland（花环）． 四、选择填空 1． The workers were made____ hard on the farm． A．work B．to work C．working D．worked 2．We’d learned over 3000 English words____of last year． A．in the end B．at the end C．by the end D．to the end 3． I’ ve read about the book____the newspaper． A．in B．at C．on D．within 4． He jumped with joy____the news that he had won the first prize of the year． A．at B．in C．about D． for 5．The book is about a time____BBC English programmes weren’t broadcast in China． A．when B．that C．where D．which 6．Mr．Green has been elected director of the workshop． A．a B．the C．／ D．as 7． The day____ the shop was open was August 8th． A．that B．when C．how D．in which 8．Room 206 of this hotel is just the place____I lived in last year． A．where B．which C．when D． in which 9． The day____I shall never forget is the one____I got lost in the forest． A．when…when B．when…which C．which…when D．which…which 10．The highest building____we saw at the foot of the mountain just now is a stadium（体育馆）． A．which B．where C．what D．that 五、改写句子 1． He’s very lucky to find his lost watch． ____，he found the lost watch． 2．The doctors would try their best to save the child． The doctors would____ to save the child． 3．When he was still young， he went out to make a living． ____，he went out to make a living． 4．Finally we all got Christmas presents happily． ____we all got Christmas presents happily． 5．When he was a child， he was very naughty and often played truant（逃 学）． He____very naughty and play truant． 6．You have freedom to do anything you want to． You____do anything you want to． 7．China was founded on Oct．lst，1949． Chinese people will remember it forever． Chinese people will remember Oct． 1st，1949 forever，____ China was founded． 8．Last year Alice went back to America．She was born there． Last year Alice went back to America____she was born． 【练习设计】·拓展练习 六、完形填空 Sitting in my modern house， I often think of my childhood．We 1 to live on a farm． It was 2 far away in the country that there was no 3 ．So we had to use 4 lamps（灯）． We usedto get up at six o’ clock in the morning in 5 to get to the school bus． 6 cold winter morningsI remember，we 7 get up quickly and hurry to the bathroom， 8 we’d wash our faces 9 cold water and put 10 our clothes as 11 as possible．Mother would always prepare hotporridge for 12 which we used to eat quickly 13 going out．The school bus was usuallywaiting for us． When we arrived， we would jump 14 hurriedly，with blue noses and frozenfingers and drive off to 15 ． 1．A．had B．were C．used D．went 2．A．so B．very C．too D．not 3．A．gas B．water C．light D．electricity 4．A．coal B．oil C．gas D．fire 5．A．order B．time C．hope D．need 6．A．In B．Of C．On D．For 7．A．should B．would C．could D．must 8．A．when B．which C．there D．where 9．A．with B．by C．into D．in 10．A．off B．on C．away D．down 11．A．quick B．fast C．quickly D．fastly 12．A．eating B．meals C．breakfast D．food 13．A．after B．before C．when D．while 14．A．off B．down C．over D．in 15．A．class B．work C．school D．study 013 Lesson 52 【目标与要求】 一、单词和词组 1）write for a newspaper 2）call for freedom 3）give sb．an honest answer 4） an end to slavery 5） pick 6）make a lot of enemies 二、听力 掌握大意和查找细节。 三、写作 when和why定语从句的使用。 【讲解设计】 一、单词和词组 1． call for freedom call for作“要求，需求”解，还作“去接（某人）”解。例如： This sort of work calls for a lot of patience． I’ll call for you at 8 o’clock． 2．pick 1）pick作“采，摘，挑选”解。 She picked some flowers from the garden． 2） pick和 pick up的区别。请参阅本书 lessons 46＆47讲解。 二、听力 1）注意整段听力材料中的时空关系、人物关系、中心思想和主要事件。 2）听录音前先浏览题目。听录音时要特别注意一些数字、动词等细节。 三、写作 注意用when或where把两个简单句连接成带有定语从句的复合句时，要删 去原句中和关系副词指代重复的 then或 there等词。例如： The book is about the time． Lincoln was President then． ＝The book is about the time when Lincoln was President． The theatre is in the same city．Lincoln was shot there． ＝The theatre where Lincoln was shot is in the same city． 【练习设计】 一、听力 听录音判断下列句子正误。 1．Only 10，000 people in the world die from heart disease every year． 2．There’ s only one reason for heart disease． 3． Many people do not take enough exercise． 4． Smoking can cause heart disease． 5．There isn’t any sugar in British food． 二、将下列两个单句合并成一个带有定语从句的句子 1． This is the museum． I visited it last week． _____________ 2．The small village is very quiet and beautiful． I spent my childhood there happily． _____________ 3．I told him about the last Christmas Day． I traveled in Europe then． _____________ 4．Do you remember the day？ The Party was founded on it． _____________ 5．This is one of the most exciting films．I’ve ever seen them． _____________