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Roots (根) 章节 第十四单元 关键词 高三英语第十四单元 内容 一、教法建议 【抛砖引玉】 在本单元，同学们通过阅读课文“ Journey into the unknown”和 “Roots”，可以了解 18 – 19世纪白人捕捉和贩运黑人作奴隶及虐待他们 的罪恶历史。 About “Roots” “Roots” is a well-known novel written by an American author — Alex Haley , which was a best seller in the USA in the 1970s . “Roots ”is mainly about Haley’s family history , which covers seven generations’ history . In order to find out how his ancestors got to America , Haley did a lot of research and traveled around the USA and Africa looking for information about his ancestors . At last , in Gambia he got to find his roots — Kunta and a group of the blacks who were caught and sold to America as slaves about 200 years ago . The novel also describes what his ancestors suffered from during the journey to the USA . “Roots” was published in 1976 and Haley won the Pulitzer Prize in 1977 . Also he became world-famous . 单元双基学习目标 Ⅰ . 词汇学习 四会单词和词组：reason (v .) , roll over , give out 三会单词和词组：in chains , daylight , from generation to generation , worthwhile Ⅱ . 交际英语 expressing wishes , hope and desire 1. I wish to do … / I am going to do … 2. I want / hope / would like to … ; I intend / mean / plan to do … 3. I would do it if I had the chance . 4. If only I could do … 5. I wish I could do …/ I wish I had …/ I wish I were … 6. I wish you every success . 7. Good luck ! 8. I feel like doing sth 9. I’m ready to do … 10. I would rather not tell you . 11. I have been looking forward to doing … 12. I’ve always dreamed of … 13. So do I . Ⅲ . 语法学习 在本单元，同学们将对 it的用法作以系统归纳，并具体理解高考中对 it 的测试热点。 【指点迷津】 单元重点词汇点拨 1. reason vi . 评理；劝说；推断为；说服 I reasoned that he was lying . 我断定他在撒谎。 〖点拨〗reason sb into doing = persuade sb into doing = persuade sb to do说 服某人干……。reason sb out of说服某人不干……。 另外要注意当 reason作名词时常用于：The reason (why) … is that …。the reason for sth和 the reason to do sth是“……的理由。” The reason (why) he got ill was that he didn’t pay attention to his health . The reason why we don’t trust him is that he has often lied . 2. worthwhile值得的 ；值得花费时间和金钱的 She was offered a worthwhile job . 〖点拨〗It is worthwhile + to do (或者 –ing ) 。如：It’s worthwhile visiting the museum . = It is worthwhile to visit the museum . 注意下面的“值得”表达：be worth doing ; be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 。 如：The article is worthy of careful study . = The article is worthy of being studied carefully . = The article is worthy to be studied carefully . = The article is worth studying . 单元词组思维运用 1. roll over翻滚 The boys rolled over on the snow . How fun it was ! 2. give out分发 All the new textbooks have been given out . 注意：give out还作“发出，放出；发表；精疲力竭；耗尽”。如： The news was given out this morning . The teacher’s patience at last gave out . His strength gave out soon . 3. be born a free man生来是一个自由人 4．be in chains戴着镣铐 put sb in chains给某人戴上手铐脚镣 5. be fixed to被固定到…… Will you please make sure the button has been fixed to the board ? 6. be in pain疼痛 7. cry softly to oneself独自轻声哭泣 8. be hit on the head被击在头部 When the thief tried to escape , a woman hit him on the head behind him . 9. reason with sb与某人理论 10. What was to become of them all ? = What would happen to them all ? 11. Worst was to come . 更糟糕的事要发生。 12. run the length of the ship从船的这一头延伸到另一头 13. fall sick with fever因发烧而病到 14. cry out for sth叫喊要某物；哭着要；恳求 Don’t take any notice of Johnny ; he cries out for nothing . 注意：cry out against大声疾呼反对。cry out大声呼喊。如： The woman in the water cried out “Help !” The people cried out against the unfair decision of the court . 15. once in a while偶尔，有时候 We go for a picnic in the park once in a while . Once in a while the dog would run away , but usually he stayed in the yard . 16. open wide开大，睁大 What’s wrong with you ? First , Open you mouth wide , please . Let me take a look at your tongue and throat . 17. in daylight在阳光中 注意：at daylight黎明时。before daylight黎明前。 18. chain / tie sb up = put sb in chains把某人铐起来 19. on one’s arrival某人一到达 On his arrival he set about correcting the compositions . 20. make copies of抄写 21. pass down传下来；传送；传递；遗传 The skill has been passed down over four generations . 22. from generation to generation一代一代地 注意：from one generation to another = generation after generation = from generation to generation 23. go back over centuries追溯几个世纪以前 24. come to a sad part讲述一段伤心的事情 25. play the role of扮演……的角色 He is good at playing the part of Maozedong 二、学海导航 【学法指要】 单元难点疑点思路明晰 1. Born a free man，he was now in chains . 他生来就是个自由人，现在却 戴上了镣铐。 〖明晰〗(1) Born a free man为过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个让步状 语从句的省略。完整句子为：Although he was born a free man . 再如：Beaten black and blue，he didn't go down on his knees . 虽然被打得遍体鳞伤，他仍 不屈膝投降。 (2) in chains / irons 戴着镣铐；在囚禁中。如： He was in chains and disgrace . 他被囚而受辱。 All the murderers in chains will soon be sentenced to death . 所有戴着镣铐 的凶手很快就要被判处死刑。 已学过的由“in ＋ 名词的复数”的介词短语如： in pairs 成双地 / in circles 围成圆圈形 / in tears 哭着 One man had a head wound and was in pain . 一个人头部受伤，非常疼痛。 had a head wound＝be wounded in the head in pain 疼痛难忍。已学过的由“ in ＋ 名词的单数”的介词短语， 如： in public公开地 /in silence无声地 / in battle 在战斗中… 2. What was to become of them all，he wondered .他感到纳闷，他们的下 场将会怎样呢？ 〖明晰〗(1) become of (人或事物的)结果是；使遭遇。如：What will become of her now that her husband has died ? 她丈夫一死，真不知她的遭遇 将如何。 What has become of the book I put here yesterday ?我昨天放在这儿的书哪 去啦？ (2) he wondered 置于句尾作插入语，意思是“他想知道”。 3. Worse was to come.更糟的事就要发生了。 〖明晰〗worse adj. (bad的比较级)更坏的、更差的、更恶化的。常用句式有： to make the matter worse (＝and what is worse 或 worse than all更糟的是 。 worse在本课作名词“更坏的事”，如：I have worse to tell. 我还有更坏的 事要说。 Worse cannot happen.事情不可能更坏了。 4. They had rough weather, and Kunta's back bled from rolling over on the hard wooden boards . 途中天气非常恶劣，由于在硬木板上滚来滚去，昆塔 的背流出了血。 〖明晰〗(1) bled 是动词 bleed(流血)的过去式。如：His wound bled freely. 他的伤口大量出血。/ He is bleeding like crazy from the stomach.她腹部流血不 止。 (2) roll over从(边)上滚下；翻转；滚翻。如： The policeman rolled the body over to look for the missing gun . 警察把尸 体翻过来寻找失踪的手枪。 I had to hear Beethoven before I could ask him to roll over . 我得先听一下 贝多芬曲，才能请他把唱片翻过来。 5. The moment he reached the country , he started his search . 他一到那个 国 家，就开始寻找。 〖明晰〗 the moment (instant , hour , time , minute) 以及 directly, immediately, 都可用来引导时间状语从句，译作“一……就”，相当于 as soon as. 如：(SEFC B2 L59) The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise . 那少女一听到响声，就冲进房间里。 6. All the stories of families, heroes, wars and journeys are passed down from generation to generation . 所有家族、英雄、战争以及旅行的故事都是一代 代地传下来的。 〖明晰〗(1) pass down＝hand down流传；遗传；传递。如： The special technique has been passed down over four generations . 那种技 术已传了四代。 (SEFC B3 L10) customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race . 传统习俗以及记忆中的人和物，被这个种族的年长者传了下来。 In poor families , clothes may be passed down from one child to the next . 在 穷苦人家，一个小孩穿过的衣服会留给另一个年龄小的穿。 (2) from generation to generation 一代一代，世世代代(＝generation after generation.) 7. A few people in each group are given the task of remembering the group's family history that goes back over centuries . 每一个部落中有几个人， 他们的任务是记住这个部落追溯到几百年前的家族史。 〖明晰〗(1) go back to (＝date from, trace back to )；追溯，返回到。如： His family goes back to the time of Norman Conquest . 他的家族可追溯至 诺曼底人征服英国的时代。 She found her pocketbook when she went back to the store . 她回到店里找 到了她的钱包。 (2) over centuries 在几百年中。over可表“在……期间；到……过完”。 如： (SEFC B3 L27) They had been built over period of six centuries up until 1431 . 他们都是在 1431年以前长达六个世纪期间建成的。 over several decades 在几十年中 / stay over Sunday呆过星期天 / work over night 通宵工作。 8. seize , take , grasp , arrest 〖明晰〗(1) seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脱手之意。如： The policeman seized the thief by the collar. 那个警察抓着小偷的衣领不 放。 (2) take“抓住”，属一般用语。如： He took his girl friend by the arm. 他抓着女友的胳膊。 (3) grasp“抓住，抓紧；抱住；理解，领会”。如： Grasp the rope and I'll pull you up. 抓住绳子，我就拉你上来。 I didn't quite grasp your meaning. 我不太理解你的意思。 (4) arrest 侧重于“逮捕；扣留；防止。”如： He was arrested in suspicion of having murdered the girl . 他因有谋害少女 的嫌疑而被捕。 This newly developed drug has arrested his cancer . 这种新药已控制住了 他的癌症。 9 . make up one's mind, decide, determine 〖明晰〗(1) make up one's mind“决心；认定”，后接不定式或 that从句， mind随人称而变化。如： We've made up our minds to devote our lives to serving the people heart and soul . 我们决心把全部生命用于全心全意地为人民服务。 The crop is ruined, so we must make up our minds to that . 庄稼损坏了，我 们必须承认那个事实。 (2) decide 指经过考虑或讨论研究作出决定，后接不定式，介词 on / upon或从句。 如： He decided on taking the position at the bank.＝He decided to take the position at the bank . 他决定担任很行的职务。 (3) determine“决心、坚决”，侧重表示决心已下定,任何力量都动摇不 了这种决心。 其后常接不定式， 也可接 on / upon + ing 。 如： His mother has determined to give him a chance . 他母亲决心给他一次机 会。 10. give out , give away , give back , give forth , give in , give off , give over , give up 〖明晰〗(1) give out 放出、发生；宣称，公布，发表；分配，分发；用完， 耗尽； 精疲力竭。如： The teacher's patience at last gave out . 老师终于失去了耐心。 His strength gave out . 他筋疲力尽。 (2) give away 赠送；出卖；泄露 / give back 归还；返射 / give forth 放出， 发出(声音，气味等)；发表，公布 give in投降；屈服，让步；交上 / give off 发出 (蒸气、光、烟等)/give over 移交，交托 / give up 让给；放弃，抛弃。 11. familiar to , familiar with 〖明晰〗(1) familiar to＝well known to sb“为人所熟知”，其中 to为介词， to 后常跟 人。如： I've been away a long time, and that name is not familiar to me . 我出外很 久了，这名字我不熟悉。 (2)familiar with＝well acquainted with“精通、熟知、通晓”。be familiar with的主语一定是人，with后的宾语可人、可物。如：He is familiar with Shakespeare . 他精通莎士比亚的作品。 I am not very familiar with botanical names . 我对植物学上的名称不太熟 悉。 12 . what kind of doctor 与 what kind of a doctor 〖明晰〗(1)“what kind / sort of”是问类别，所以：What kind of doctor is he ? 他是 哪科的医生? (2)“what kind / sort of a (an)”是问程度、性质等具体情况。所以：what kind of a doctor is he ? 他是怎么样的医生?(含医术是否高明，待人处事的能 力等) 【妙文赏析】 The Capital of the United States When George Washington became the first President of the United States , there was no permanent (永久的) capital . During the Revolutionary War seven different cities had served as the national capital . In addition , the members of Congress (议会) could not agree to where this permanent capital should be located (位于) .Some officials wanted it in the North , others wanted it in the South . Each of the states hoped that the capital might be set up within its own state lines . At last it was decided that the capital should occupy (占有 ) a section by itself , separate from any of the states . The place chosen was situated on the Potomac River . The land then belonged to the state of Maryland , but Maryland agreed to give it to the national government . The section was named the District of Columbia, after Christopher Columbus . The city itself was named Washington , after George Washington . Work was begun on the new capital in 1791 . In the year 1800 Congress occupied the new Capital Building . The White House Was opened at the same time as the home of all future presidents . 1 . There was no permanent capital in the United States when George Washington became the first President of the United States because ______ . A . people didn't like the new government B . there was not enough money to build the capital C . American people were too busy fighting to think of the problem of building the capital D . people had a disagreement about the location of the capital 2 . Which of the following is implied (暗示的) but not stated in the passage ? A . George Washington's office was perhaps not in the White House . B . Seven cities used to be the capital of the United States . C . The North and the South couldn't agree with each other on the problem of the capital . D . George Washington was the first president of the United States . 3 . The Potomac River _______ . A . is the longest river in its country B . separates the capital from the state of Maryland C . flows through the state of Maryland D . was given to the national government by Maryland 4 . Which of the following is not true according to the passage ? A . The White House has a history of about 200 years . B . The District of Columbia belongs to none of the states . C . Congress occupied the new Capital Building until 1800 . D . The White House is a place where American presidents live and work except George Washington . 答案：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 【思维体操】 常见阅读理解题的解题技巧 一般说来，阅读理解的题型设置大致可分为六种类型：事实询问、推理 判断、数据推算、识图解意、主旨大意、规律常识。做好这六种题型，需要掌握 一定的方法和技巧。 一、事实询问题 事实询问主要是以等词语引导的问句，就文中某句、某段或某 具体细节 和事实进行提问。做这类题的要领是： ⑴首先弄懂题目和每个选项的含义。题意不明当然无法做出正确选择， 明确题意，才能顺藤摸瓜。⑵ 按题目的要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估 计答案的来源。有的题只要抓住文章的某处信息，即可解题；而有的题则需 要综合文章多处信息，并予以分析，才能找到解题思路。 ⑶ 要注意题目和文中关键词的暗示作用。忽略了这一点。就等于失去了 解题的钥匙。 ⑷ 对信息量较大的文章要多读两遍。读时要注意辨别各种信息的真伪， 要排除无关信息，否定错误信息，确认有用的信息。 二、推理判断题 推理判断题要求透过文章表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思。对文章 的情节发展，以及作者的态度，意图等作出合乎逻辑的推理和判断。这类问 题常用以下句式提出问题： ⑴ We can infer from the passage that ? ⑵ What can we conclude from the passage ? ⑶ What is the author's attitude towards … ? 纵观近几年的 NMET阅读理解题，推理判断的题量在不断拉大。做这类 题应注意以下几点： ⑴ 要懂得如何捕捉信息，抓住主题寻觅细节，进而逻辑推理； ⑵ 对于暗含在文中事件的因果关系，人物的行为动机以及作者未言明 的倾向、态度、意图、观点等进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。要善于抓文章 中实质性的东西，不要被带有假像的表层信息或似而非的东西所迷惑。 ⑶在推断作者的态度、意图或观点时， 不要固守自己的习惯看法，要力 求从作者的角度去思考。 三、数据推算题 此种题要求学生就文章提供的以及数据与文中其它信息的关系作出简 单计算和推断。做此类题应注意： ⑴ 要抓与数据有关的信息，并对这些信息的含义有一个直角的理解。 ⑵ 如果文中含有较多的数据信息，一定弄清它们之间的联系，分清有 用信息和无用信息。 ⑶数据信息的意义往往不是孤立的，要正确理解全文大意，还应抓住 一些关键性的词的意义。 四、识图解意题 在阅读文章后面的题目中常可看到插图、图解或工图。这是形象化地表 现信息的形式。有的起辅助作用，用以必低试题的难度，有的直接代替文字 是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。在做图示题时，要把文章与图示当作一 个整体。理解时要图文互相参照，互相验证。若是地图，方位要明确，要正 确理解文中方位介词的配搭意义。 五、主旨大意题 此类题目用以检查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会与理解是否正确。 主旨大意题分两类：一类是主题问题，通常用以下句式引出： What is he main idea of this passage ? What does the passage mainly discuss ? The writer of the article wants to tell us that . 另一类是问题，通常用 What is the best title of the article (passage) ? 引出。 在说明文和议论文中作者通常是用主题句来表达一段的主旨大意，用 主题句提出论点。我们应知道，主题句在文中的位置并不固定，尽管大部分 主题句 句一般出现在文章或段落之首，但有时也放在中间，成为段落语义的 核心，甚至有的出现在文尾，高尔夫球主题引向设法，成为一个强有力的 结论，也有些文章或段落不易找到明明的主题句，需要读者去归纳，概括。 另一类主旨大意题要求学生根据文章内容选择一个合适的，就是文章主题 的最高度的概括形式。从此意义上讲，一些文章的往往隐含在文章的主题句 中。只要找到了主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳。 六、常识题 这类题意在考查学生的非英语知识面，看学生对社会、文化、史地 以及一些科普常识的掌握程度。这类总裁题有时与文章没有直接关 系，只能凭自己的常识进行判断，作出选择。 三、智能显示 【心中有数】 单元语法发散思维 一、It引起的几个易混淆的时间句型 在学习中，同学生们对“It + be + 时间 + 从句”这个结构经常混淆不清， 下面逐一进行分析。 1. It + be + 时间 + since-clause 这个句型表示从 since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一 段时间，意为“自从......以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一 般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时， 或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如： It is three years since his father passed away . (从现在算起) It was 10 years since they married . (从过去算起) It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai . (从过去算起) 30 years has passed since we joined the Party . (从现在算起) 2. It + be + 时间 + before-clause 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长 时间才......”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就......”。 主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was 时，before从句的动词 用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常用一般现在时。 例如： It was not long before she learned those poems by heart . 她没过多久就背 会了那些诗歌。 It was long before the police arrived .过了很久警察才来。 It will be hours before he makes a decision . 要过好几个小时他才会作出决 定。 It will not be hours before meet again . 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。 3. It + be + 时间 + when-clause 这个句型中, it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具 体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的， 主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： It was already 8 o'clock when we got home . It was the next morning when we finished our work . It will be midnight when they get there . 4. It + be + 时间 + that-clause 这个句型是个强调句型。例如： It was two years ago that he made an important invention . (原句是：He made an important invention two years ago . ) It was at 5 o'clock that he practised playing the violin in the morning . (原句是：He practised playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning . ) 比较：It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning . (5 o'clock前没有介词，这是个定语从句) 5. It + be + time + that-clause 这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是 is 或 was ，that从句都须 用动词的过去式或 should + 动词原型(但不及用过去式普通)，在 time之前 有时可加上 high或 about 以加强语气。例如： It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should hand in our exercises .) It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend . 6. It / This / That + the first(second , third …) time + that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意 time 前有序数词，主句是 is 时 ，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时 was ，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。例如： This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall . It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to Africa . 二、It代替从句作形式主语的常见句型 1. it 代替连词 that 引导的从句作形式主语。 1) it + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . 据说汤姆已经从国外回来了。 It was reported that dozens of children died in the accident . 据报导，数十 名儿童在事故中死亡。 可用于该句型的过去分词还有：known , thought , told , believed , hoped , announced ,expected , decided , suggested等，该句型常可以转换成含有宾语 从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。如： It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . →People say that Tom has come back from abroad . →He is said to have come back from abroad . 2) It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句 It's a pity that he can't swim for his age . 真遗憾，就他的年龄来讲，他竟 不会游泳。 It's a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time . 真 奇怪，你竟能在如此短的时间内完成艰巨的任务。 可用于该句型的名词词组还有： an honour , a good thing , a fact , a surprise , good news等。 3) It + be /seem + 形容词 + that 从句 It is likely that they will beat us tonight .今晚很可能他们会赢我们。 It doesn't seem that she will give us a hand .她帮我们的可能性似乎不太大。 可用于此句型的开容词还有；wonderful , true , good , right , wrong , (un)important ,useless , surprising , clear , possible , unusual , lucky , certain 等。 4) It + seem / appear / happen + that 从句 It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much .看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。 It appears that Tom might change his mind .看来汤姆会改变主意。 It happened that I went out that day .碰巧我那天外出了。 注意，句型 4可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述句子可转换为： He seems to enjoy pop music very much . / Tom appears to change his mind ./ I happened to go out that day. 2. it 代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语。 1) It is known (not decided , not made clear , found out , discussed , being discussed , being considered , a question , uncertain等) + 连接代词或连接副词 引导的从句。 It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet . 我们将什么时候举 行运动会还是一个问题。 It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not . 他能否来开会 还不能确定。 2) It doesn't matter(doesn't matter too much , doesn't make too much difference等) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。如： It doesn't matter whether we go together or separately . 我们一起去还是分 开去都可以。 It doesn't matter too much to me what you do or where you go . 你做什么或 去什么地方，对我都无关紧要。 【动脑动手】 单元能力立体检测 一、It 与高考题 1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help . A. he B. which C. she D. it 〖答案与简析〗选D。测试 it 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。又如： 1）— The light in the office is still on. — Oh , I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 2）— Have you heard the news about Tom ? — No , what ? A. is it B. it is C. are they D. they are 3）If you don't know the word , why don't you in the dictionary ? A. look at it B. look after it C. look up it D. look it up 答案 1）— 3）CAD。值得注意的是，由动词和副词组成的短语动词用 it 作宾语时，it 应置于动词和副词之间。 2. Is necessary to tell his father everything ? A. it B. that C. what D. he 〖答案与简析〗选A。测试 it 用作形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式复 合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。又如： 1）Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship ? A. now B. man C. that D. it 2）Is necessary to complete the design before National Day ? A. this B. that C. he D. it 3）Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ? A. this B. that C. he D. it 4）It worried a bit her hair was turning grey . A. while B. that C. if D. for 答案 1） — 4）DDDB。 3. I don't think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work . A. this B. that C. its D. it 〖答案与简析〗选D。测试 it 用作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句 表示的真正宾语。当宾语有自己的补足语时，用 it作形式宾语，真正宾语放 在补足语之后。常用这种句型的动词有 think , make , find , feel , consider 等。 4. Was it in this palace the last emperor died ? A. thatB. in which C. in where D. which 〖答案与简析〗选A。测试 it 用在强调结构中，为了强调句子的某一成分 （通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调 It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或 who）…。被强调部分指人时用 that 或 who ，在其它情况下（包括强调时间 或地点状语）用 that 。又如： 1）Was it during the Second World War he died ? (MET 88） A. that B. which C. in which D. then 2) It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star . A. when ; that B. Until ; that C. until ; whenD. when ; then 答案 1) A 2) B。 5. But was only the manager . (MET 91完型填空) A. this B. that C. she D. it 〖答案与简析〗选D。测试 it 可以用作指示代词，指人。当 it 这样用时， 所指的是心目中己知的或上下文中的人或事物，也可用来指婴儿。 6. — What was the party like ? — Wonderful . It's years I enjoyed myself so much . A. after B. before C. where D. since 〖答案与简析〗选D。测试 it 用在某固定短语或句型中。如 believe it or not (信不信由你）, take it easy (别着急，慢慢来）， it is (has been )…since…(某 人干某事经过了多长一段时间），It seems that …(好象)，It happens that … (碰巧) ，It looks as if … （好象），It is one's turn to do …(该轮到谁干……) 等。又如： Take it . Everything will be fine in a day or two . A. easy B. quiet C. calm D. light 答案是A 。 7. It was Shanghai the Communist Party of China was founded . A. where B. that C. at which D. that where 〖答案与简析〗选A。测试强调句与定语从句不能混淆，这里是定语从句。 若把 Shanghai 的前面加上介词 in 时，就是强调 地点，这时就可以选 B。 二、It 精练 40 题 1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help . A. he B. which C. she D. it 2. I was disappointed with the film , I had expected to be much better . A. that B. this C. one D. it 3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language . A. There B. This C. That D. It 4. As happens , I have brought my umbrella with me . A. it B. this C. that D. such 5. has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules . A. As B. It D. That D. This 6. It was seven forty-five he finished the work . A. when B. that C. when D. before 7. I have no idea is so far the airport from here . A. what B. how C. it D. that 8. Was it because it snowed last night he didn't come ? A. why B. that C. when D. which 9. Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ? A. this B. that C. he D. it 10. Is unnecessary to tell his father everything ? A. that B. it C. he D. this 11. European football is played in 80 countries , making the most popular sport in the world . A. which B. this C. that D. it 12. We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow afternoon . Please tell Mr Wang about . A. this B. that C. it D. the meeting 13. — Who is knocking at the door ? — is me . A. It B. That C. This D. where 14. — What time is it now ? — is ten o'clock . A. The time B. The o'clock C. It D. That 15. I have seen the baby . is very active and lovely . A. He B. She C. Who D. It 16. He was ill . is why he didn't come to the meeting . A. It B. This C. That D. There 17. is good news that she has passed the entrance examination for Beijing University . A. That B. This C. What D. It 18. is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment . A. It B. This C. That D. There 19. Look , someone is coming . Who can be ? A. he B. she C. that man D. it 20. I find difficult him to do such work . A. it ; of B. it ; for C. that ; of D. that ; for 21. My pen is lost and I can't find anywhere , so I must buy . A. it ; one B. one ; it C. it ; it D. one ; one 22. We think useless theory without practice . A. it ; learning B. it ; learn C. that ; learning D. that ; to learn 23. It is not you who in trouble ; it is I who in trouble . A. are ; am B. are ; is C. are ; are D. is ; is 24. She is already 50 , but she doesn't look . A. like B. this C. it D. such 25. I don't know what was for supper . A. it B. there C. that D. food 26. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help . A. he B. which C. she D. it 27. — The light in the office is still on. — Oh , I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 28. — Have you heard the news about Tom ? — No , what ? A. is it B. it is C. are they D. they are 29. If you don't know the word , why don't you in the dictionary ? A. look at it B. look after it C. look up it D. look it up 30. Is necessary to tell his father everything ? A. it B. that C. what D. he 31. Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship ? A. now B. man C. that D. it 32. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day ? A. this B. that C. he D. it 33. Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ? A. this B. that C. he D. it 34. It worried a bit her hair was turning grey . A. while B. that C. if D. for 35. I don't think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work . A. this B. that C. its D. it 36. Was it in this palace the last emperor died ? A. that B. in which C. in where D. which 37. Was it during the Second World War he died ? A. that B. which C. in which D. then 38. It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star . A. when ; that B. Until ; that C. until ; whenD. when ; then 39. But was only the manager . (MET 91完型填空) A. this B. that C. she D. it 40. — What was the party like ? — Wonderful . It's years I enjoyed myself so much . A. after B. before C. where D. since 41. Take it . Everything will be fine in a day or two . A. easy B. quiet C. calm D. light 42. It was Shanghai the Communist Party of China was founded . A. where B. that C. at which D. that where 43. I find difficult him to do such work . A. it ; of B. it ; for C. that ; of D. that ; for 44. take to fly to Paris from Beijing ? A. How long does that B. How long does it C. How soon does it D. How far does it 45. You made a new model plane , . A. how wonderful it is B. how wonderful is it C. that is wonderful D. wonderful you are 答案： 1 — 5 DDDAB 6 — 10 ACBDB 11 — 15 DCACD 16 — 20 ADDDB 21 — 25 AAACB26 — 30 DCADA 31 — 35 DDDBD 36 — 40 AABDD 41 — 45 AABBA 【创新园地】 When I got into his house , I saw an old man reading a book in the chair . I talked with him . I found that 1 . ____ from the time when he was a child , he always brought 2 . ____ a little book in his pockets . He did reading almost 3 . ____ every minute . He did not do anything . People often found 4 . ____ him read a book while he was waiting for meals , 5 . ____ buses , doctors , plays begin or something to happen . 6 . ____ You could still even find him reading in the toilet . 7 . ____ That was why he found his fifteen minutes a 8 . ____ day for reading . That was how he reads twenty 9 . ____ books a year—one thousand in our lifetime . 10 . ___ （请同学们改好后把答案反馈给我们） 【创新园地】答案：1. the → a 。 2. brought → carried 。3. √。 4. 在 anything 后加 else 。5. read → reading 。 6. 在 begin 前加 to 。 7. 去掉 still 。8. why → how 。 9. reads → read 。10. our → his 。 【同步题库】 Unit 14 Ⅰ . 单项填空 1. There is a piece of board at the gate of the construction , which reads:____ without permission . A . keep away B . keep out C . keep off D . keep up 2 . A helicopter is an aircraft that is able to ____ and land straight up and down . A . get off B . fly off C . send off D . take off 3 . He quickly ____ all his newspapers and put them under his bed . A . kept up B . took up C . gave up D . did up 4 . We had to work twice as hard to ____ lost time . A . make up for B . make out of C . make up of D . make use of 5 . The fog was so heavy that we could hardly ____ the train in the distance . A . make out B . make up C . make into D . make of 6 . He had to pay for ____ bill . A . an 100-dollar B . a 100-dollars' C . a 100-dollar D . an 100-dooars 7 . All of the old houses in this area ____ very soon . A . will be torn down B . will pull down C . are going to tear down D . are to tear up 8 . ____ everyone is here , let's begin our discussion . A . For B . Now that C . Only if D . Unless 9 . The population of the new city ____ to about 200 , 000 now . A . had grown B . have grown C . are grown D . has grown 10 . If you find a wallet on the ground , you can't ____ it . You should give it back to its owner instead . A . take possession of B . take up of C . make possession of D . have possession 11 . We all know that the moon has no light of ____ . A . it own B . it's own C . its own D . itself 12 . His talk has had ____ me . A . a big effect in B . deep effect for C . a deep effect on D . a deep affect on 13 . The poor ____ when in snows in New York . A . have a hard time B . have hard time C . has a hard time D . enjoys himself 14 . ____ in a mountain village , he is now a famous scientist . A . Bearing B . Being born C . Bore D . Born 15 . The hero would rather die than ____ the enemy . A . to give up to B . give in to C . give up D . to give in 16 . The policeman caught the thief ____ , so he couldn't break away . A . on his collar B . on the collar C . by his collar D . by the collar 17 . He thought ____ such a person was useless . A . that to reason for B . reasoning with C . to reason on D . reason with 18 . Through the small open window ____ the prisoner could see stars . A . high in the wall B . high on the wall C . highly in the wall D . highly on the wall 19 . I have no idea what has ____ the poor old woman . A . happened of B . happened for C . become of D . become to 20 . The moment ____ entered the hall , I recognized him . A . when he B . as soon as he C . as he D . he 21 . Lucy is now playing outside . She ____ her homework . A . must finish B . must have finished C . should have finished D . might finish 22 . The friendly relations between the two countries ____ the 9th century . A . return B . give back to C . return back to D . go back to 23 . We argued ____ him ____ the serious problem . A . to , around B . with , about C . with , for D . about , with 24 . We ____ their talk for some time , but could ____ nothing . A . listened to , hear B . listened , listened to C . heard , hear D . heard , listen 25 . The sun ____ us ____ light and heat . A . supplies , for B . supplies , about C . provides , with D . provides , 不填 Ⅱ . 完形填空： Robert Spring was a 19th century forger(伪造 ) . He was so good at his （1） that he was able to make a (2) for 16 years by selling false handwriting of (3) Americans . Spring was born is England in 1813 (4) arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to (5) a bookstore . At first he (6) in selling his small (7) of early U . S . handwriting Discovering his ability at (8) handwriting , he began making (9) of handwriting of George Washington and others and writing them on the title pages of (10) books . Forgers had a (11) time selling their products . A forger can't come near to a skilled buyer (12) must deal with people who don't have much (13) in the field . Forgers have many (14) to make their work look (15) . For example , they but old books to use the aged (16) of the title page , and they can treat paper and ink with (17) . In Spring's time , (18) after the Civil War , Britain was still fond of the Southern States , so Spring (19) a young lady (20) as Miss Fanny Jackson , the only daughter of General "Stonewall" Jackson . For several years Miss Fanny's money problems (21) her to sell a great number of letters belonging to her famous (22) . Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the (23) . All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty , (24) sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of (25) his forgeries from the originals(原件) 1 . A . art B . shop C . picture D . job 2 . A . turn B . living C . life D . luck 3 . A . unknown D . friendly C . famous D . ordinary 4 . A . so B . and C . or D . otherwise 5 . A . open B . close C . get C . repair 6 . A . dropped B . failed C . succeeded D . shared 7 . A . collection B . work C . book D . notebook 8 . A . keeping B . copying C . having D . writing 9 . A . notes B . marks C . copies D . prints 10 . A . old B . new C . hard D . happy 11 . A . good B . nice C . hard D . but 12 . A . and B . who C . that D . but 13 . A . fun B . interest C . time D . knowledge 14 . A . ways B . ideas C . workers D . helpers 15 . A . fine B . nice C . well D . real 16 . A . picture B . paper C . cloth D . back 17 . A . chemicals B . handwritings C . drawings D . scientists 18 . A . right B . even C . still D . suddenly 19 . A . met B . saw C . invented D . improved 20 . A . such B . so C . regarded D . known 21 . A . asked B . told C . forced D . made 22 . A . brother B . father C . mother D . husband 23 . A . people B . copies C . problem D . demand 24 . A . leaving B . making C . letting D . helping 25 . A . preventing B . separating C . guessing D . destroying Ⅲ . 阅读理解 (A) In Africa and Asia early human beings first made the kind of stone tools they needed to hunt and kill large animals . With these weapons a small group of hunters could get enough meat at one time to feed many people . Between times , seeds , fruits , and roots made good eating . Because the supply of food was plentiful , the number of people increased . A group of related families , including children and the elderly , would stay close to the large animals they lived on . As lone as there were "new" spaces to move into and plenty of game , the growing population could survive(生存 ) . When such an organized group became too large for its members to travel together comfortably , it would split up . In this way , big-game hunters moved into Africa , Europe , and Asia . The best areas of the world for human beings were those where many kinds of food could be found . When one kind became scarce , people could use another to keep from starving . As the population grew , some people had to move into the Arctic after big game. There they found bears , seals(海豹)and fish . But because there were so few kinds of animals , and almost no plants , life was very difficult . 1 . The number of early human beings increased because ____ . A . they knew how to make stone tools B . the weather in Asia and Africa was warm C . there were lots of animals at that time D . they had plenty of food to eat 2 . A few hunters could get enough food at a time for many people because _____ . A . they had the right kind of tools needed to kill large animals B . the hunters were very strong C . there were many animals to hunt D . people did not eat much meat 3 . Related members of families would live and move together until ____ . A . there were no more animals to hunt in the area B . plenty of food was ready for each member C . the group became too large to move together D . new hunting places were found 4 . The best places for human beings to move to were those where ____ . A . a kind of food was plentiful B . there were large animals C . they could find various foodD . materials for tool-making were plenty 5 . Some people moved to the Arctic because ____ . A . there was much seafood there B . animals there were easier to catch C . life there was difficult D . they had to hunt animals there to feed the growing population (B) Morning and evening , Poet Stevens , who also worked at an insurance company (保险公司) , walked a mile or so between his house and his office . Even in bad weather he would seldom accept a ride . There was a purpose ; he thought out poems as he walked . Shaking slightly from side to side as he dragged forward in a clumsy way (笨拙的) , the poet was as obviously engaged in putting one sentence of the poem in front of the others as he was in putting one foot in front of the other . Writer Brenden Gill recalls that his sister saw Stevens going by her house . As she watched , the poet slowed down , came to a stop , shook in place for a moment or two , took a step backward , hesitated , and then made big steps confidently forward on his way . It seemed as if he had gone back over a phrase , dropped an unsatisfactory word , filled a better one , and came to the next line of his poem . 6 . Stevens was a ____ . A . spare-time poem writer B . writer singing praise for insurance C . poet writing about an insurance company D . full-time poem writer 7 . Stevens usually went to work ____ . A . by car B . in bad weather C . on foot D . in the morning and evening 8 . On his way to the office the poet was often busy ____ . A . thinking over his business B . writing poems C . putting sentences down D . thinking over what he was to write 9 . That Stevens came to a stop suggested that he ____ . A . wanted to have a rest B . stopped to think of a better sentence C . had arrived at his office D . didn't know the next sentence 10 . The writer of this passage aimed at ____ . A . laughing at Wallace Stevens B . telling us that Stevens walked in a different way C . telling us how Stevens worked on poems D . praising his work on poems B) 根据对话内容，从对话后选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳答案 选项中有二项为多余选项。 — Oh , dear me ! Is that the time ? — 11 — I've got an appointment(约会) . I'm meeting a friend in London at eight o'clock . 12 — I'm going into London . I'll give you a lift if you like . — 13 That would be kind . — 14 — Near Piccadilly-but if you can drop me at an underground station , that'll be fine . — No , it's all right . Piccadilly's not far out of my way . I'll take you there . — 15 A . Thank you all the same . B . Yes , why not ? C . It's just ten to seven-why ? D . That's very kind of you . E . Could you really ? F . I'll never make it . G . Where are you meeting your friend ? Ⅳ . 单词拼写 根据所给汉语写出空白处各单词的正确形式： I . It's dangerous to walk in the ____ (黑暗) alone . 2 . The sea ____ (旅程) lasted more than ten days and nights . 3 . The door was ____ (强迫) open . 4 . You should know such a ____(简单的) fact . 5 . Mr Smith hit Jackson on the (前额) . 6 . I ____(想知道) if you could help me with my work . 7 . What's the ____(长度)of the line ? 8 . The teacher was ____(满意) with my homework . 9 . The gas from the bottle is ____(臭的) . 10 . The world is divided into twenty-four time ____(区域) . Ⅴ . 短文改错： I was expected your letter , and at last it 1 . ____ has reached to me . I'm very glad to know that everyone 2 . ____ at home is enjoying good health as usually . 3 . ____ Things here are same now as they were before . 4 . ____ The final exam will take place in next week . So I 5 . ____ am now busy preparing for my lessons . It's nice to 6 . ____ think that the summer vacation is coming near . 7 . ____ I can't say much I want to see you all again . I am 8 . ____ looking forward to spend the summer days with you . 9 . ____ Give my love to Father , Mother and anyone at home . 10 . ____ Ⅵ . 书面表达： 假设你马上就要高中毕业了，在高中三年的时间里，张老师一直担任 你们班的英语教学工作。他努力工作，讲课生动有趣，课余还举行英语讲座 在他的帮助下，你们的听、说、读、写能力大大提高。明天是高考前的最后一 堂英语课了，刚好轮到你值日，你将代表全班同学写一份发言稿，感谢张 老师六年来的无私教诲。 答案：Ⅰ . 1 — 5 BDDAA 6 —10 CABDA 11 — 15 CCADB 16 — 20 DBACD 21 — 25 BDBAC Ⅱ. 1 — 5 DBCBA 6 — 10 CABCA 11 — 15 CDDAD 16 — 20 BAAAD 21 — 25 CBDAB Ⅲ. 1—5 DACCD 6 —10 ACDBC 11 — 15 CFEGD Ⅳ . 1 . darkness / dark 2 . journey 3 . forced 4 . simple 5 . forehead 6 . wonder 7 . length 8 . satisfied 9 . smelly 10 . zones Ⅴ . 1 . expected→expecting 2 . 去掉 reached 后面的 to 3 . usually→usual 4. same→the same 5 . 去掉 in 6 . 去掉 for 7 . √ 8 . 在 much 前加 how 9 . spend→spending 10 . anyone→everyone Ⅵ . One possible version: Dear Mr Zhang , We know that this is the last lesson that you will give us . Soon we'll graduate and say good-bye to our school . At this moment , we don't know how to express ourselves . All we can say is "Thanks" . Three years ago when we came to this school , we knew nothing about English . However , with your unselfish help , we have greatly improved our English in listening , speaking , reading and writing . We owe all this to you , because in the past three years , you have been working hard , trying your best to help us . We will remember all those lively and interesting lessons you've given us , which we will never forget . Now let us all say again , "Thank you , Mr Zhang" .