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Unit 6　 Mainly revision 一、素质教育目标 （一）知识教学点 1．单词 shape n． 形状，外形　　　　　　　　　　　　　 shame n． 遗憾的事； 羞愧 ring n． 环形物（如环、戒指）　　　　　　 coin n． 硬币 collection n． 收藏品，收集物　　　　　　　 silver n． 银 bank n． 银行　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 penny(pl． pence)便士 material n． 材料，原料　　　　　　　　　　　　 mine n． 矿 vt． 采矿 hide(hid, hidden)v． 把…．　　　　　　　　　 possibly adv． 可能地；也 许 藏起来；隐藏　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 whenever conj． 每当；无论何时 envelope n．信封　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 whatever adv． 无 论什么 cheaply adv． 廉价地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 afford vt． 负担得起 （……的费 cock． n． 公鸡　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 用），抽得出（时 间）；提供 2．词组 trade sth． with sb． 用……进　　　　　　 sooner or later迟早 行交换　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 pick up无 意地/偶然地买到，顺 sth． be traded with sb．　　　　　　　　　　　 便去买 trade sth． for sth． else　　　　　　　　　　　 packs of许多 hand out发放　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 kind of……某 种 here and there到处　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the beginning起 初 look round仔细查看　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 be mixed with与… …混合 3．交际用语与句型 （1）交际用语 Hello． Can I speak to Zhou Lan, please? This is Zhou Lan speaking． But I've only just got home． I would like to ask you about some stamps． What a pity! What a shame! I'll ring you if I have any news． It' s a pity I didn' t think of it earlier （2）句型 Coins can be of different sizes, shapes, and of different metals．硬币可能大小、 重量、形状不同，金属不同。 It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19thcentury． 据说成千上万的中国人在 19世纪后期在这个金矿里劳动过。 It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe．可能他们中有一人开设了一种钱庄，工人们可以把钱放在那 里安全保存。 It is common to have the head of a famous person on one side． 通常在硬币的一面有一个名人的头像。 4．语法 （1）复习-ing形式作主语的用法 Following your teacher's advice is important． Seeing is believing． It is no use crying over split milk． （2）-ing形式作宾语的用法 A．作动词宾语。注意下面动词之后要求接-ing form做宾语， Enjoy, finish, keep, practise, consider, suggest, advise, mind, Have you finished rewriting the article? I suggest using body language to help you to communicate with other people． B．下面动词之后要求接 to do,或-ing form做宾语， Like, hate, love, begin, remember, forget, intend． C．作介词宾语 Sorry for ringing you so early．． （3）复习动词不定式的用法 To complete the project is a great success． You are the right person to play the part of Charlie Chaplin． Do you need someone to help with the typing? （二）能力训练点 1．通过对话学习，掌握打电话的英语表达方式。 2．通过阅读课文 Coin, Collecting stamps,掌握怎样领会主题句，提高阅读 能力。 3．通过写作，掌握怎样写回信和描写物体。 （三）德育渗透点 通过学习古币收藏和集邮这两个题材，使学生了解古币的演变历史和有关 集邮的知识，激发学生的兴趣，培养他们的业余爱好。 二、重难点解析 　 Lesson 21 　 1．打电话的说法： （1）电话铃响时，当你拿起话筒，通常首先自报姓名和自己的电话号码。 如： Hello, Bob Dorson．/Hello, 742511． This is Bob Dorson speaking． Who is that speaking?/Yes? （2）若对方要找的不是 Bob而是 Chris，对方可能询问： Is Chris in/at home/there? May/can/Could I speak to Chris? I'd like to speak to Chris, please． 若 Chris在家，Bob去叫 Chris，则对方稍等一会： A moment, please． /Hold on, please． Hold the line, please． /Don't hang up, please． （3）Bob通知 Chris听电话： Telephone for you．/You are wanted on the phone, Chris． （4）在互报完姓名后，就可以开始谈话了。 若 Chris不在家，你可以告诉对方，并请他留下口信。 Chris isn't in/here right now．Can/Could I take a message for you? Would you like to leave a message? Can you call later? He will be back at about 2:30． 2．But I've only just got home． 但是我刚刚到家． only just表示“刚”，常和 have连用。这种句型往往表达一种惊奇和不耐烦 请看下面的话： A：They're selling their house． 他们在卖他们的房子． B：But they have only just moved in! 但是他们刚刚搬进去．3．I' m afraid I don't have it any more． 恐怕我再也没有了． not any more(no more)不再，再也不．例如： Let Peter go alone．He isn't a boy any more． 让皮特一个人去吧．他不再是小男孩． 4．It is a pity I didn't think of it earlier． 可惜我没有早点想起这事哦。 “It is a pity＋that－clause． ” 表示遗憾的用语，它用 it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 I didn' t think of it earlier从句。 It is a pity that you can't come to have lunch with us．你不能来和我们共进午 餐真是一件遗憾的事． It was a pity she didn't ring me up yesterday． 她昨天没有给我打电话真是可惜． 5．Yes, please．That would be kind of you． 是的，那太好了． 这是对方向你提供帮助，而你表示接受时的答语．例如： （1）A：Do you want me to carry the bag to the third floor for you? 要不要我帮你把这个背包扛到三楼去？ B：Yes, please． That would be very kind of you． 好，那太好了。 （2）A：Let me post the letter for you． 我帮你去发这封信吧。 B：Thank you for your help． 谢谢你的帮助。 6．What a pity! What a shame!太遗憾了 这两个句子都是表示遗憾的交际用语．a shame＝a pity． A：I'm sorry I can't join you in the travel． 对不起，我不能参加你们的旅行。 B：What a shame!/What a pity!真遗憾！ 　 Lesson 22 　 1．Later, another type of coin was used, with holes in it,and these were used for the next 2,000 that is, from 221 BC until 1916． 后来，使用了另外一种带孔的硬币，这种硬币在以后使用了两千年，即从 公元前 221年直到 1916年为止。 “with holes in it”是一个 with的复合结构，由“with＋n．+介词短语”构成， 作后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句（which has holes in it），对名词 coin作进一步解释，说明它的特性。例如： In the cave I found a coin, with the design of a panda on its face． 在这个洞里，我发现了一枚硬币，币面上有熊猫图案． This is a new type of machine, with lots of meters on it． 这是一种新型机器，上面有许多仪表。 with的复合结构，也可以作方式状语，用以修饰谓语动词．例如； The teacher came into the classroom, with a book in his hand． 老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。 2．Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals． 硬币可能大小、重量、形状不同，金属不同。 介词 of引起的短语 of different sizes, weights, shapes及 of different metals都 用作表语，表示 coins的特征。Coins may be of different sizes的意思相当于 coinsmay be different in size． 例如： They are of the same age．(=They are the same in age．) 他们年龄相同。 Are the two mountains of the same height?(=Are the two mountains the same in height．)两座山一样高吗？ These cities are of different sizes．(＝These cities are different in sizes) 这些城市大小不同。 The two rivers are of different depths but of the same width． (＝The two rivers are different in depths but the same in width) 这两条河不一样深，但一样宽。 This bridge is of stone． 这是座石桥。 This work is of great importance．(=this work is very important．) 这项工作很重要。 The old machine is of no use．(＝The old machine is not useful．) 这台旧机器没用了。 3．It is common to have the head of a famous person on one side． 通常在硬币的一有一个名人的头像。 此句可改为：It is common that there is the head of a famous person on one side． It is common for sb． to do是比较有用的句型，it是形式主语。例如： Now it is common for women to hold important positions in the government． 现在妇女在政府部门担任要职是一种普遍现象。 It is common in Japan for women to stay home to take care of the family after they get married． 在日本，妇女婚后在家里照料家庭是非常普遍的现象。 4．Coins can be made of many different kinds of metal mixed together． 硬币可以用许多不同的金属混合起来制成。 The earliest coins in the west were made of gold mixed with silver． 西方最早的硬币就是用金和银的合金制成的。 这两句中的 mixed together, mixed with silver 都是过去分词短语作定语，分 别修饰metal和 gold。分词短语作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词后面，在意思上 相当于一个定语从句。 例如： The girl dressed in red is my daughter． 穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。 Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有活动吗？ TV sets made in this factory are of good quality． 这个工厂生产的电视机质量 好。 He is man loved by all． 他是个深受群众爱戴的人。 Can you read books written in English? 你能读英文书籍吗？ 5．The new Chinese panda coin is made of 99．99% gold． 新的中国熊猫硬币含金量为 99．99％． ％读作 cent/per cent表示“百分之……”． 99．99％读作 ninety-nine point ninety-nine percent． 6．It contained 54,951 coins dating from the years 260-275 AD． 它共有 54，951枚，制币时间是公元 260年至 275年间。 He discovered in the ground a pot containing 32,000 Chinese metal coins． 他在地里发现一个坛子，里面装有 32，000枚中国硬币。 这两句中 dating from, containing是现在分词短语作定语，分别修饰 coins 和 pot。 它们常放在名词之后，意思相当于一个定语从句。例如： Who is the man standing(=that is standing)by the door? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ They live in a room facing(＝that faces)the south．． 他们住在一间朝南的房子里。 They built a railway leading(＝which leads)to HK． 他们修建了一条通往香港的铁路。 Most of the people singing(＝who were singing)were students． 唱歌的人多数是学生。 7．It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19th century． 据说成千上万的中国人在 19世纪后期在这个金矿里劳动过。 It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the worker could keep their money safe． 可能他们中有一人开设了一种钱庄，工人们可以把钱放在那 里安全保存。 这两句为主语从句。it是形式主语，后面的从句是真正主语。例如： It’s interesting that you should like him．你竟然喜欢他，令人感到有趣。 It' s important that she should come straight to me when she arrives． 她到达后直接来找我，这很重要。 Is it true that she is ill?她病了，是真的吗？ It worried me a bit that she didn't phone．她没来电话，我有些担心。 （1）late adj． adv． late和 early一样，既可以作形容词也可以作副词使用： in the early morning/early in the morning in the late afternoon/late in the afternoon in the early/late 1980s （2） keep a bank开办银行 keep是及物动词，有“管理”“经营”“照顾”“养活”等意思．例如： keep a shop开商店 keep children照看小孩 keep a hotel经营饭店　　　 keep the family养家糊口 keep the house管理家务　　 keep cattle饲养牲口 （3）keep the money safe 使钱存放安全 keep也是及物动词，但意思是“使某人/物继续处于……状态” （keep＋n． ＋adj． ）Keep+宾语+形容词 Tell her to keep the children quiet． 叫她让孩子们保持安静。 You' d better keep the food cool and dry． 你最好把食物冷藏起来，保持干燥。 Please keep your classroom clean and tidy． 请保持教室整齐清洁。 8．Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were． 很可能在这个人死后就没有人知道钱币藏在什么地方了． without是介词，without+复合部分+动名词就是一个由without引起的动名 词复合结构．例如： They left home at midnight without anybody knowing where they are． 他们半夜里离家出走，没有人知道他们现在在哪儿。 　 Lesson 23 　 1．If you are just starting to collect stamps, here is some advice for you to follow． （1）start、begin和 continue有一点是相同的，即它们可以用动词不定式或 动名词作宾语。 He started learning/to learn English when he was ten． 他 10岁时开始学英语。 They began building/to build the dam in 1994． 他们在 1994年开始建水坝． How can you continue working/to work with all that noise going on? 噪音不断，你怎么能继续工作呢？ （2）但是当这些动词本身是进行时态时，一般后面跟动词不定式． starting to collect一般不能换成 starting collecting． 例如： It' s starting/beginning to rain． 开始下雨了。 （3）start或 begin后跟的动词是表达有关感情和思想的动词时，一般也不 用动名词，而用动词不定式。例如： She started/began to understand． 她开始理解了。 2．At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can． 开始时，尽可能多收集邮票。 （1）at the beginning是个固定词组，作“开始”，“起初”，例如： Start at the beginning． 从头开始。 He didn't like collecting stamps at the beginning． 他起初不喜欢集邮。 （2）as…as you can/as…as one can作“尽力”，“尽可能”解，第一个 as 后面接表示程度的形容词或副词．例如： Make as many as friends as you can． 你要尽可能广地交朋友。 He takes as much advice as he can． 他尽可能多采纳意见． We try to make as few mistakes as we can． 我们尽可能少犯错误。 3．The ones which you decide not to keep can be traded with other people． 那些你决定不保留的邮票可以和别人交换。 （1）Which you decide not to keep是定语从句，修饰先行词 the ones （2）trade用作及物动词，意思是“用……进行交换”．sth． be traded with sb． 是 trade sth． with sb的被动语态形式，该词组意思是“与某人交换某 物”。 trade sth． for sth． else以某物换取他物。例如： They often trade stamps with each other． 他们经常交换邮票。 Can I trade my seat with you? 我可以和你交换座位吗？ The boy traded his knife for a kite． 男孩用一把刀换了一个风筝。 I traded my watch for a bike． 我用手表换了辆自行车。 The early settlers traded copper for corn with American Indians． 早期移民者用铜与美国印地安人换取谷物。 4．However, do keep the envelope if it is the first date when that particular stamp is used． （1）do keep the envelope 中的 do表示强调，有“务必”、“一定要”的意 思。例如： Do help me before the test． 在考试前，你一定要帮助我。 Do keep quiet in class． 上课时一定要保持安静。 （2）when that particular stamp is used是由关系副词when引导的限制性定 语从句，修饰先行词 date。例如： Do you remember the date when your little sister was born? 你记得你小妹妹出生的日期吗？ I' ll never forget the day when I first had my English class． 我怎么也忘不了我第一次上英语课的那一天。 5．Sooner or later you will decide that you want to collect a certain kind of stamp． 迟早你会决定要收集某一种邮票。 （1）sooner or later 迟早 例如： Sooner or later they will understand me． 他们迟早会理解我的。 Sooner or later she will know about it． 她迟早会知道这件事的。 （2）kind of…某种……of后的名词通常用单数形式，不与冠词连用。例如： What kind of tree is it?　 这是什么树？ What kind of book do you like? 你喜欢什么类别的书？ I like this kind of animal． 我喜欢这种动物。 This is a kind of plant growing in the south． 这是一种生长在南方的植物。 The eighteenth century developed a completely new kind of novel． 18世纪出现了一种全新的小说。 6．You can then look for new ones to add to your collection． 然后你可以寻找新邮票来充实你的收集。 add to 增添 例如： The fine day added to our pleasure． 好天气增加了我们游玩的乐趣。 Every book you read will add to your store of knowledge． 你每读一本书就会增加一点知识。 This adds to our difficulties． 这增加了我们的困难。 7．Do join a group． do在此是助动词。do(does,did) 常用在肯定句或祈使句中，放在另一动词前， 用于加强语气。例如： I was surprised——you did run fast． 我非常惊奇，你确实跑得很快。 Do be careful! 务必小心！ 8．Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford． 到邮票销售部门去买你能买得起的邮票。 Perhaps at the beginning you may only afford used stamps． 也许刚开始你只能买得起用过的邮票。 在这里，afford 后面跟名词或代词。afford 常和 can,be able to连用，afford可 以不用 to．例如： They do not consider whether they can afford it． 他们没有考虑是否能负担得起。 He couldn't afford the fare to America． 他无法负担去美国的费用。 I don't think we'll be able to afford any travel． 我认为我们不能负担任何旅游的费用。 9．You can often pick up packs of used stamps very cheaply． 你常常可以很便宜地买到大批用过的邮票。 pick up 在此句中的意思是“无意义地/偶然地买到，顺便去买”。 Where did you pick up that lovely old vase? 你是在哪儿买到的那个好看的旧花瓶？ I picked up those things quite cheaply at that small shop． 我在那个小店里买到了这些便宜东西。 Pick up some ice-creams on your way back home． 回家的路上顺便买些冰淇淋回来。 10．Old stamps that have not been used are usually more expensive than used stamps． 没有用过的旧邮票通常比用过的邮票更值钱。 句中的 used stamps 是指“用过的邮票”。这里的 used 是过去分词，作定语， 相当于一个定语从句“(the stamps) that have been used．”过去分词作定语，具 有“完成”和“被动”的含义。例如： Used stamps are less expensive that unused stamps．=(the stamps that have been used are less expensive than the stamps that have not been used．) 用过的邮票比没有用过的邮票要便宜些。 　 Lesson 24 　 1．I have the following for sale at the moment． for sale“供出售”，有的商店就挂有“No sale”的牌子，那就是样品不出 售。 for sale的用法是：be for sale和 have…for sale例如： Have you any pictures for sale? 你有任何图片出售吗？ All the pictures in this exhibition are for sale 所有展览的图片都出售。 另外，on sale =for sale 例如： These books won't be on sale till next week． 这些书直到下星期才出售。 2．If you have either of these and would like to sell them,please write and tell me how much you want for them． 如果上述两种邮票中你有任何一种，并想出手的话，请给我来信并说明你 想以什么价钱买掉。 （1）句中的 for意思为“要价”，常用在“sell/buy sth．for(how much money)”等结构中。 例如： He bought a new house for 100000 yuan． 他以 10万元买下了一所新房。 He sold the bike for 200 yuan． 他以 200元钱卖掉了那辆自行车。 （2）“for”的类似的用法还有： She gave me their old TV for nothing． 她把他们的旧电视无偿地送给了我。 He got a medal for bravery． 他以其勇敢的行为而得到了一枚奖章。 3．It does not matter if/whether they are old． （邮票）新旧没关系。 （1）It does not matter if/whether…是一个很有用的句型。例如： It doesn't matter(to me)if I miss my train, because there's another one later．对 我来说错过一趟火车没关系，因为后面还有。 It doesn't matter whether we start now or later． 我们现在出发，还是晚些出发都没关系。 （2）It doesn't matter 后还能跟其他从句。例如： It doesn't matter how you are dressed． 你穿戴如何没关系。 If she does her best,it doesn't matter what people think of her． 只要她尽了力，别人怎么看她无关紧要。 三、课时安排 5课时完成本单元 第一课时 Lesson 21 第二课时 Lesson 22 第三课时 Lesson 23 第四课时 Lesson 24 第五课时 Unit Test 6 四、学生活动设计 Lesson 21 口头练习：对话交际功能——打电话。 Lesson 22 师生问答，学生分小组复述课文。 Lesson 23 分小组讨论集邮的好处。 Lesson 24 笔头练习：1．写一篇有关集邮的回信。 2．掌握物体的描写方法。 五、教学步骤 　 Period 1 　 （一）明确目标 1．三会、四会单词与词组： cock, shame, coin, on the telephone． 2．日常交际用语： 1）Hello． Can I speak to Zhou Lan, please? 2）This is Zhou Lan speaking． 3）----but I've only just got home． 4）Would like to ask you about some stamps． 5）What a pity! What a shame! 6）I'll ring you if I have any news． 7）It's a pity I didn't think of it earliest． （二）整体感知 Knowing about the text by asking and answering questions between the teacher and students． 　 Step 1　 Revision 　 Check the homework exercise by asking a pair of the Ss to act out the dialogue they themselves made． A: Hello．Capital Buses． B: Hello．Could I speak to Pat,please? A: Hold on please．I'm sorry．She's not in the office right now．Can I take a message? B: Yes．This is Mary speaking．Can you ask her to ring me back,please? A: Does she have your number? B: Perhaps not．It's 6674044． A: I'll ask her to call you．Goodbye． 　 Step 2　 Presentation 　 Show the Ss some stamps and talk about stamps or stamp collection by asking the Ss some questions: （1）what are these? （2）Do you like collecting stamps? （3）Have you got any valuable stamps? （4）Why do you like collecting stamps? （5）What else can we collect except stamps? Tell the Ss today we're going to listen to a dialogue between Bruce and Zhou Lan．They are talking on the telephone about stamps．Please listen to the dialogue and find out what Brice wanted to get． （三）重难点的学习与目标完成过程 　 Step 3　 Listening 　 Get the Ss to listen to the tape of the dialogue with the books closed．Ask them to answer this question: what does Bruce want to get?[A cock year stamp] 　 Step 4　 Reading 　 1．Play the tape again and let the Ss repeat the dialogue． T: Now let's listen to the tape again．When you listen to the tape,please pay attention to your pronunciation and read after the tape． 2．Get the Ss to read it in pairs． 3．Ask one or two pairs to act out the dialogue． 　 Step 5　 Language points 　 1．Go through the dialogue briefly and make sure the Ss understand it． 2．Get the Ss to underline the following expressions and give them some explanations if necessary． （1）It is a pity + that clauseIt is a pity that you can't come to have lunch with us． It was a pity she didn't ring me up yesterday． （2）Excuse me for doing sth． Excuse me for ringing you so late in the evening． （3）I'd like to do sth． I'd like to ask you some questions． （4）What a pity! What a shame! A: I'm sorry I can't join you in the travel B: What a shame!/What a pity! （四）总结、扩展 　 Step 6　 Practice 1 　 Read the dialogue again and complete the following dialogue． A: Who____ you_ ___so late at night? B: Bruce A: What did he____ you to do? B: He____ me____ some stamps．He is very interested in____ A: You have one,____ ? B: I did have one ,but I ____last week． A: Do you think you ____for Bruce? B: Yes．I____ to do so．I'll ____as soon as I get one． 　 Step 7　 Practice 2 　 SB Page 31 Part 2．Ask the Ss to make sentences in pairs． This/That　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 That/There It's Bob here．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Is Bob there? This is Bob．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Is that Bob? This is Bob speaking．　　　　　　　　 Can I speak to Bob? 　 Step 8　 Practice 3 　 SB Page 31 Part 3． Work in pairs．Make up a dialogue that a foreigner Mr White wants to buy an old coin from his Chinese friend Mr Yang． One possible version: W: Excuse me for ringing you so early． Y: That's Ok． W: I would like to ask you for some Chinese coins．Do you have any old Chinese coins made in 1800AD?I would like to buy one． Y: I used to have one, but I gave it to a friend last month． W: Oh, what a pity! Y: I'm sorry I didn't know you were interested in our coins．What a shame ! W: Never mind． Y: Do you want me to find one for you? W: Yes, please．That would be kind of you． Y: Ok．I'll ring you if I have any news． W: Thank a lot．Goodbye． Y: Goodbye． 　 Step 9　 Homework 　 1．Finish off the exercises on Page 98． 2．Write down the telephone message of WB Ex2 in their exercise books． （五）板书设计 Question: What does Brice wanted to get? Language points: a． It is a pity +that clause b Excuse me for doing sth． c． I'd like to do sth． I'd like to ask you some questions． d． What a pity !What a shame! Words and expressions: cock, shame, coin, on the telephone 　 Period 2 　 （一）明确目标 1．三会、四会单词与词组： shape, ring, collection, bank, material, hide, silver, penny (pl．pence),mine(n．) possibly, whenever, seashell ,hand out, here and there, look round 2．句型： （1）Coins can be of different sizes, shapes ,and of different metals． =Coins may be different in size ——be of +n．=be +adj． （2）It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19th century． It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe． It is said that +subject clause It is reported that… It is believed that． It is common to have the head of a famous person on one side． （3）理解课文内容： 使学生了解古币的演变历史。 回答下列问题： a． In which country were the earliest coins used? b． Why are coins of different sizes, weights, and shapes and of different metals? c． What things were used for money before coin appeared? d． What can you usually see on the two sides of a coin? e． What were the earliest coins made of in the West? f． How many coins did the largest collection found in England contain? g． How did so many Chinese coins get to Australia? （二）整体感知 Get the students to know about coin through showing some coins to them． 　 Step 1　 Revision 　 Revise the dialogue in SB L．21 by asking a pair of students to come to the front to act out the dialogue they themselves made． T: First of all, I'll ask some of you to act out the dialogue you yourselves made after class． A: Hello．Can I speak to…please? B: This is…speaking． A: Hello,…This is… ．Excuse me for ringing you so late． B: That's OK． A: I would like to ask you about some stamps．Do you still have the cock year stamp? B: I'm afraid I don't have it any more．I sold it last seek． A: Oh! What a pity! … 　 Step 2　 Presentation 　 1．Make up a dialogue between Ss and the teacher by asking these questions: Do you like collecting things? What do you collect? How do you collect them? 2．Discussion: Put the Ss in groups of four to discuss these questions: Which of the following do you collect: stamps, coin or postcards ?Anything else? 3．Show the Ss some coins．Ask them Who collect coin? How many coins have you collected ?Tell the Ss something about coins．(“Bu money”,size of coins, shape of coins and so on) 4．Talk about the picture on the top of page 32,using the following questions: What can you see in the picture? What are the shapes of these coins? Say Today we're going to read a text about coins． （三）重难点的学习与目标完成过程 　 Step 3　 Fast reading 　 Get the Ss to read the text as quickly as possible．Ask them to find the answer to the question: In what way are coins different from each other? (They may be of different size,weights,shapes,and of different metals．) 　 Step 4　 Listening and repeating 　 Speech Cassette, Lesson 22．Play the tape of the passage for the Ss to listen and follow．Then ask them to do the following True or False Exercises． （1）The earliest coins in the world were used in China from more than 3000 years ago． （2）Coins may have the same designs on the two sides． （3）Before coins appeared, seashells, bamboo stick and wood were used for money． （4）The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 2000 silver pennies． 　 Step 5　 Intensive reading 　 Get the Ss to read the passage carefully to know more information about coins．Then let them answer the following questions． （1）What were the earliest coins called? （2）When were the coins with holes in them used? （3）What is the coin usually pressed now?Was the date always included in the past? （4）What were the earliest coins in the west made of? （5）How many coins did the collection found in England in 1978 contain? （6）How did so many Chinese coins get to Australia? [Suggested answers:] （1）The earliest coin in China was called Bu money． （2）These were used from 221BC until 1916． （3）Today the coin is usually pressed with name of the country,value of the coin and the date．In the past the date was not always included． （4）The earliest coins in the west were made of gold mixed with silver． （5）It contained 54951 coins dating from the year 260-275AD． （6）It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19th century． （7）It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe． （8）Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden． 　 Step 6　 Note making 　 Part 3,Page 33．Get the Ss to read the passage again and make notes．Make sure that the Ss know how to make notes．Let them do this exercise individually, then compare their notes with their partners． T: Now let do the note making．Can you tell me what note making is? A sentence has a main verb; a note often has no main verb, and some words, e．g．prepositions ,articles may be missing． Go through the headings checking that the Ss understand what information they have to put down．Then let the Ss work individually at their own speed．Check the answers at the end of this activity． Earliest coins :Bu money from 650 BC Information on the coin: name of country ,value ,and date． Metals and other materials: gold ,silver ,seashells ,wood and so on Designs: agricultural tools ,head of a famous person ,panda ,and so on． （四）总结、扩展 　 Step 7　 Language points 　 Write the useful expressions on the Bb．As usual ,get the Ss to underline the following expressions． （1）with holes in it:The teacher comes in ,with a book in his hand．with +n． +介词短语 In the cave I found a coin ,with the design of a panda on its face．This is a new type of machine ,with lots of meters on it． with的复合结构，也可以作方式状语，用以修饰谓语动词． The teacher came into the classroom ,with a book in his hand． （2）Coins may be of different size…:Be of +n． Coins may be of different sizes 的意思相当于 Coins may be different in size．They are of the same age．(=They are the same in age．) Are the two mountains of the same height?(=Are the two mountains the same in height．) These cities are of different sizes．(=These cities are different in sizes)The two rivers are of different depths but of the same width．(=The two rivers are different in depths but the same in width) This bridge is of stone． This work is of great importance．(=This work is very important．)The meeting is of great importance…． （1）be pressed with ,be mixed with ,be covered with…． （2）in the late 1870s,in the early 1870s （3）It is…．that +Subject Clause It is known that… It is possible that… It is common to do… It's interesting that you should like him． It's important that she should come straight to me when she arrives．Is it true that she is ill? It worried me a bit that she didn't phone． 　 Step 8　 Close Test 　 Let the Ss to read the text once again．Then ask them to do WB Ex．2 Page 99． 　 Step 9　 Practice 　 Part 4,SB Page 33,．This activity helps revise the-ing form as subject．Go through the example and the first two sentences orally and then let the Ss do this exercise alone．Check the answers with the whole class． Answers: （1）Discovering so many Chinese coins in Australia is surprising． （2）Having the head of a famous figure on one side of the coin is rather common． （3）Getting used to the life in a foreign country needs time． （4）Handing out the listening text to the students seems necessary． （5）Reading without full understanding is no good． （6）Seeing her sad made me sad． 　 Step 1 0 Practice 　 1．SB Page 33,Part 5．Make sure that the Ss know the special use of the verbs in the exercise．Note that verbs like intend ,continue ,like ,start are followed either by to do or the-ing．Write the following on the Bb: finish doing ,allow doing ,needs doing ,advise doing ,practice doing ,suggest doing ,can't help doing ,consider doing． 2．Let the Ss do it alone and check the answers with the whole class． Answers: （1）rewriting （2）travelling /to travel （3）smoking （4）to buy/buying （5）washing （6）eating ,taking （7）speaking （8）using （9）laughing （10）delivering （11）making/to make （12）smoking/to smoke 3．Do WB Ex．3 on Page 99． 　 Step 11　 Consolidation 　 Get the Ss to retell the whole passage according to the key words． T: Now we have learnt about coins．We know the earliest coin, their sizes ,weights and shapes．Let retell the story according to the key words on the Bb． Key words: the earliest coins ,in China ,different size ,weights ,shapes,…be made of different kinds of metal, collections of coins that had been buried, tell a story, 　 Step 12　 Homework 　 1．Finish off the work exercises in WB． 2．Do the following reading comprehension． You know that every country has a flag．But do you know that some flags stand for many countries ?At the Olympic Games ,where people from many lands have contests, you see the Olympic Flag．It is white ,and it has five rings in the middle．The rings are blue, yellow ,black ,green and red．You can see at least one of these colours in every flag in the world．The rings are locked together to show the friendship of the people at the games．At the United Nations you see another flag that stands for many countries．It is a flag for the people of many lands．It is a blue flag with a map of the world in the middle．On each side of the map is an olive branch．The olive branches stand for peace． 1．You can find ____in the Olympic Flag． A．one colour B．two colours C．five colours D．six colours 2．The five locked rings in the Olympic Flag show that____． A．everyone wants to get the first prize B．people should work together to make the games successful C．players should train hard for their countries D．people should set new world records 3．The flag of the U．N．is____． A．a blue flag with a map and an olive branch B．a blue flag with a map of the word C．with olive branches D．B． and C 4．This passage mainly tells us____． A．flags for many countries B．the flag of the Olympic Games C．the flag of the U．N． D．B． and C． 5．____standing for many countries in the world． A．There is one flag B．There are two flags C．There are some flags D．There are many flags [Keys:1．D． 2．B． 3．D． 4．A． 5．B．] （五）板书设计 Question: In what way are coins different from each other? Language points: a…,with holes in it: b．Coins may be of different size…:Be of+n． c．be pressed with, be mixed with, be covered with… d． In the late 1870s, In the early 1870s e． It is…that +Subject Clause It is known that… It is possible that… It is common to do… Words and expressions: shape ,ring ,collection ,bank ,material ,hide ,silver ,penny(pl．pence),mine (n．) possibly ,whenever ,seashell ,hand out ,here and there ,look round． 　 Period 3 　 （一）明确目标 1．三会、四会单词与词组： trade ,whatever ,afford ,sooner or later ,pick up ,packs of 2．掌握并且运用-ing的形式： （1）复习-ing形式作主语的用法： Following your teacher's advice is important． Seeing is believing． It is no using crying over split milk． （2）-ing形式作宾语的用法； A．作动词宾语。注意下面动词之后要求接-ing form做宾语． Enjoy ,finish ,keep ,practise ,consider ,suggest ,advise ,mind． Have you finished rewriting the article? I suggest using body language to help you to communicate with other people． B．下面动词之后要求接 to do,或-ing form做宾语 Like ,hate ,love ,begin ,remember ,forget ,intend． C．作介词宾语 Sorry for ringing you so early． （3）复习动词不定式的用法． To complete the project is a great success． You are the right person to play the part of Charlie Chaplin． Do you need someone to help with the typing? （二）整体感知 　 Step 1　 Revision 　 Revise the text of Lesson 22 by asking the Ss the following questions: What were the earliest coins called? How many different kinds of coins can you think of? What were used for money before coins appeared? Can you tell the story that happened in the late 19th century in Australia? 　 Step 2　 Presentation 　 1 Show the Ss a stamp collection ,including some unusual envelops,“first day covers”,foreign stamps ,old stamps and new stamps． Ask the Ss: Do you like collecting anything ?What do you like to collect ?Do you collect used stamps or new stamps ?Do you collect“first day envelopes”?What kind of design interests you most ?What else do you like to do at your spare time? 2 Talk about the picture on the top of page 34． Tell the Ss Today we are going to read about collecting stamps? （三）重难点的学习与目标完成过程 　 Step 3　 Fast reading 　 Ask the Ss to read the text quickly and answer this question: T: Please read the text quickly and quietly．Find the answer to the question．Does the writer say you will have to spend a lot of money on stamp collecting?(No, he doesn't) 　 Step 4　 Listening and repeating 　 1．Play the tape of the passage for the Ss to listen and follow． T: Let's listen to the tape．When you listen to the tape,pay attention to stress and intonation． 2．Ask them to do the following exercise True or False on the slide．（1）At the beginning ,never throw stamps away．(true) （2）Don't keep the envelope even if it is unusual．(false) （3）Collecting a certain kind of stamp will make your collecting much more interesting．(true) （4）Go to stamp sales．You can buy some used stamps very cheaply．(true) （5）Old stamps that have not been used are cheaper than used stamps．(false) （6）Stamp collecting is fun．(true) 　 Step 5　 Language points 　 As usual ,get the Ss to read the text once again and underline these expressions．Give the Ss some explanations if necessary． （1）At the beginning Start at the beginning He didn't like collecting stamps at the beginning． （2）as…as you can/as…as one can: Make as many as friends as you can． He takes as much as advice as he can． We try to make as few mistakes as we can． （3）The ones ,which you decide not to keep ,can be traded with other people．Which you decide not to keep trade．sth．be traded with sb． trade sth．with sb． trade sth．for sth．else They often trade stamps with each other． Can I trade my seat with you? The boy traded his knife for a kite． The early settlers traded copper for corn with American Indians． （4）However ,do keep the envelope if it is the first date when that paricular stamp is used． Do keep the envelope． Do help me before the test． Do keep quiet in class． （5）When that particular stamp is used． Do you remember the date when your little sister was born? I'll never forget the day when I first had my English class． （6）Sooner or later you will decide that you want to collect a certain kind of stamp Sooner or later． Sooner or later they will understand me． Sooner or later she will know about it． （7）kind of… What kind of tree is it? What kind of book do you like? I like this kind of animal． This is a kind of plant growing in the south． The eighteenth century developed a completely new kind of novel． （8）You can then look for new ones to add to your collection． add to The fine day added to our pleasure． Every book you read will add to your store of knowledge． This adds to our difficulties． （9）Do join a group． I was surprised that you did run fast． Do be careful! （10）Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford． Perhaps at the beginning you may only afford used stamps． afford 后面跟名词或代词。afford 常和 can,be able to 连用，afford…… They do not consider whether they can afford it． He couldn't afford the fare to America． I can't afford so much money． I can't afford to pay such a price． I don't think we'll be able to afford any travel． （11）You can often pick up packs of used stamps very cheaply． pick up:（偶然或无意）得到；抬起； Where did you pick up that lovely old vase? I picked up those things quite cheaply at that small shop． Pick up some ice creams on your way back home． （12）Old stamps that have not been used are usually more expensive than used stamps． used stamps 中，used是过去分词，作定语，相当于一个定语从句“the stamps that have been used．” Used stamps are less expensive than unused stamps． (=The stamps that have been used are less expensive than the stamps that have not been used．) （14）This will make your collecting much more interesting． …make sth．+adj． （四）总结、扩展 　 Step 6　 Practice 1 　 SB Page 35 Part 3． 1．Write two sentences on the Bb and ask the Ss to translate them into Chinese．Tell the Ss What are noun clauses and their structure． A．This is what he wants． B．The question is when we start． Noun Clause: Subject clause, object clause ,predicative clause and appositive clause． 2．Read aloud the instruction and do the first one as an example．Let the Ss do the exercise alone．Then ask some Ss to read out their sentences to the rest of the class． Answers: 1．This is what I need． 2．That is why they were late． 3．That was how they improved their English． 4．My idea is that we should do the work tomorrow． 5．The question is whether you know that happened． 6．The fact remains that they have finished the work． 7．A tiger year stamp is just what I want to buy． 8．Shenzhen is no longer what it used to be． 　 Step 7　 Practice 2 　 1．SB Page 35,Part 4．Read out the instruction and make sure the Ss understand the meaning of each sentence．Ask them to pay special attention to the translation of the infinitives． It is +adj．+to do----Doing sth．is +adj． 2．Do WB Ex2 Page 100． 　 Step 8　 Word formation 　 SB Page 35,Part 5． 1 Give the Ss the following material s of word formation．Word formation A．Derivation: 派生。通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。词性：名 词 后缀　　　　　　　　　　　　 例词 -er　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 farmer, fighter ,thinker, -ese　　　　　　　　　　　　　 villager-ese ,Chinese ,Japanese -ian　　　　　　　　　　　　　 musician ,Asian ,Russian ,Egyptian -ist　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 artist ,pianist ,scientist -ment　　　　　　　　　　　　 government ,movement -ness　　　　　　　　　　　　 business ,illness ,darkness -or　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 visitor ,conductor -tion　　　　　　　　　　　　　 invention ,education ,operation 词性：形容词 后缀 例词 -al　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 physical ,national ,political -an　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 American ,Italian ,Australian -ern　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Southern ,northern ,eastern ,western -ful　　　　　　　　　　　　　 helpful ,useful ,careful ,beautiful -ble　　　　　　　　　　　　　 reasonable ,horrible ,terrible -ish　　　　　　　　　　　　　 foolish ,British ,English ,Spanish -ive　　　　　　　　　　　　　 expensive ,active -y　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 cloudy ,windy ,dirty -less　　　　　　　　　　　　　 careless ,useless 词性：副 词 后缀 例词 -ly　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 badly ,sadly -ward 　　　　　　　　　　　 forward ,outward 词性：数 词 后缀 例词 -teen　　　　　　　　　　　　 fourteen ,eighteen -ty 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 forty ,fifty -th　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 twelfth ,twentieth 前缀 例词 a- 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 asleep ,ahead dis-　　　　　　　　　　　　　 disappear ,discourage ,disappoint en-　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 encourage ,enable in-(il-,im-,ir-,)　　　　　　 invisible ,illegal ,impossible ,irregular inter-　　　　　　　　　　　　 international ,inter-factory mis-　　　　　　　　　　　　　 mistake ,misunderstand, re-　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 return ,reunite ,remarry tele-　　　　　　　　　　　　　 telephone ,telegraph ,telescope un-　　　　　　　　　　　　　 unfit ,unfair ,unknown B．Composition: 合成。由两个或更多的词合成一个词。 n: lifeboat ,necklace ,bus-driver ,and blackboard adj: good-looking ,man-made ,warm-headed v: overthrow ,whitewash adv: however ,may ,wherever pron: himself ,everyone ,something C．Conversion: 转化。由一种词类转化为另一种或几种词类。 hand(n．)手——hand(v．)传递 break(v．)打破——break(n．)课间休息 empty(adj．)空的——empty(v．)到空 smoke(n．) 烟——smoke(v．)冒烟，吸烟 back(n．) 背——back(adj．)后面的，(adv．)在后面 2．Do Part 5 on page 45 in pairs．Check the answers with the whole class．Answers: NOUN ADJECTIVE VERB NOUN care careful care science scientific scientist record record recorderagreement agree operation operate operator danger dangerous electricity electrical smell smelly smell beginning begin direction direct director development developing develop 　 Step 9　 Consolidation 　 Do WB Ex1 on page 100 as a consolidation T: In this class we have learnt about stamp collection．Here is a dialogue between two persons．Please practise it in pairs．And then answer the question: What can we learn from stamps?(nature ,famous people ,science and so on．) 　 Step 10　 Homework 　 Finish off the Ex．in the workbook on page 100． （五）板书设计 Question: Does the writer say you will have to spend a lot of money on stamp collecting? a． Grammar: 复-ing- 形式作主语的用法： Seeing is believing． It is no use crying over split milk． -ing 形式作宾语的用法： enjoy,finish,keep,practise,consider,suggest,advise,mind,like,hate,love,begin,reme mber,forget,intend． 作介词宾语 Sorry for ringing you so early． 不定式的用法 To complete the project is a great success． Do you need someone to help with typing? Words and expressions: trade,whatever,afford,sooner or later,pick up,packs of 　 Period 4 　 （一）明确目标： 完成听力及写作训练： 1．完成 Unit 6的听力训练 2．通过写作，掌握描写物的写法。写一封回信。 （二）整体感知 　 Step 1　 Revision 　 Revise Lesson 23 by completing the sentences． T: Last week we learned some pieces of advice about collecting stamps．Can you tell me what are the pieces of advice?Please complete the sentences on the slide． 1．At the____ ,never ____stamps____． 2．Don't keep the____ ,unless it is____． 3．____or____ you will collect a ____of stamps． 4．Do____ a group．Go to ____and buy whatever you can ____． 5．Old stamps that have not been used are usually ____than used stamps． 6．Find something____． [Keys] 1．beginning ,throw ,away 2．envelope ,unusual 3．sooner,later ,certain kind 4．join ;stamp sales ,afford 5．more expensive 6．unusual （三）重难点学习与目标完成过程 　 Step 2 　　Writing 　 SB Page 36,Part 3． 1．T：Many people like collecting stamps．They often trade stamps with each others．Here is a letter about stamp trade． Please read through the letter silently ,then answer the following questions． （1）What does Dick want to buy? （2）What does Dick want to sell? 2．Ask the Ss to discuss and lay out their reply to Dick similarly as homework．．Write the tasks on the Bb． a．Tell him about your holiday． b．Tell him if you want to buy any stamps． c．Tell him if you have any stamps for sale． 3．Give the Ss the following materials．Let them study how to describe an object． [Suggested answer] The bag is quite large and made of plastic．It is green and brown and has a picture of fruit and vegetables printed on it．In the bag there are two pairs of wool trousers and a white cotton shirt wrapped in paper．They were all bought in Marks and Spencer ．One pair of trousers is grey and the other pair is green． [分析] a．在描写某物时，涉及到大小、形状、颜色以及由什么材料制成，这就关系 到两个或两个以上的形容词的排列问题。一般来说其先后顺序是：大小、形状、颜 色、材料。 例如：a big square black plastic bag b．在描写物体时，通常要遵循一个原则：由外部到内部，由整体到局部。 c．从哪一个方面入手去描写一个东西，并没有绝对的原则。主要抓住对该 物来说较重要的方面来加以描写。 　 Step 3　 Preparation for listening 　 1．T：It is time for us for listening text．Today we are going to listen to some people who collect coins．The five people in this dialogue belong to a coin collection club．They have some unusual coins to talk about． Let the Ss to read through the task of each Ex and make sure the Ss understand what to do．Then play the tape for the Ss to listen．Then check the answer with the whole class． 2．Let the Ss listen to the tape once again and complete the listening text． A：I've got something ________to show you．This is an ________cent made in the USA．It dates from________． Can you see something interesting about it? B：No, I can see it's very old． A：It doesn't have its ________marked on the coin．It doesn't say “I cent”． B：I've brought this coin along to show you．It's also American ,and it's a silver dollar from________． C：Is there anything ________about it? B：Yes．The bird design on the ________． This was the ________year that the new bird ________was used． D：What have you got to show us? C：This is a coin from______．It's from Guangdong province and was made in ____．It is a____ dollar． Can you　 see anything unusual about it? D：No, tell us． C：It doesn't have the date marked on it．It has the____“Guang Xu” and the Chinese____ for“large money．” D：I've got something here to show you．It's a ____coin, pressed in ____．It is a 10 p coin． E：It looks very new． D：That's right．It's a collector's coin and has never been ____as money． E：I've got a ____coin too．This is a____ coin and the date is ____． A：What is it made? E：____,of course．Do you know why the date is important? A：No． E：____was the first year in which one-pound coin were made． （四）总结、扩展 　 Step 4　 Word Study 　 SB Page 36, Part 2． T：It is time for us to do another close test． First make sure that the Ss know the words in the box,then let the Ss work alone and check answers with the whole class． Answers: 1．set off 2．deliver 3．report 4．cheched 5．certain 6．petrol 17．repair 8．attention 9．ran 　 Step 5　 Practice 　 WB Lesson 24, Ex． 1．2．3． Do Ex． 1 with the whole class．Get the Ss to read aloud the sentences and put them into Chinese． Before doing Ex．2, give the Ss the words and phrases in the box in Chinese and let them translate them into English．Then allow the Ss to discuss the answers in pairs．Finally check the answers with the class． 　 Step 6　 Homework 　 1．Writing: write a reply to the letter in Step 2． 2．Finish of the following Ex．: 1）把下面形容词和名词填入表格的适当栏目中： blue, green ,nylon ,red ,square ,brown, grey , long, think, round, paper, big, cotton, leather, thin short, wool, fur, metal, plastic, small, yellow, oval, olive, rectangular, curved, triangular[Size, shape, colour ,material] 2）把下面短文中的句子重新安排，使短文符合描写原则： A few of the rooms have wood floors and large windows．It has a huge garden and double garages with a swimming pool．On the floor there are three bedrooms as well as a living room, a dining room ,a kitchen, a study and two bathrooms．This house is very big．There is even one room with a painted ceiling [Keys] Size: long , thick ,big, thin, short, small; Shape: square, round, oval, rectangular, curved, triangular Colour: blue, green, red, brown, grey, yellow, and olive Material: nylon, paper, cotton, wool, and fur, metal, plastic 2） This house is very big．It has a huge garden and double garages with a swimming pool．On the ground floor there are three bedrooms as well as a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, a study and two bathrooms． A few of the rooms have wool floors and large windows．There is even one room with a painted ceiling． （五）板书设计 Questions: a．what does Dick want to buy? b．What does Dick want to sell? How to describe an object-a big square black plastic bag? Answers to the close test: 1．set off 　　　　　 2．deliver 　　　　　　 3．report 4．cheched 　　　 5．certain 　　　　　　 6．petrol 7．repair 　　　　　 8．attention 　　　　　 9．ran 　 Period 5　 Unit Test 6（略） 　 六、背景知识 1．本单元第 22课介绍硬币的历史沿革、形状大小、以及有关的趣闻轶事。 （硬币）Coins与“软币”相对，泛指金属货币。 2．我国是世界最早使用硬币的国家。课文中介绍的公元前 50年的布币 （“bu”money）就是我国最早的古铜币。它是由古代农具“bu”演变而来的。 “布”字是“bu”字的同声假借字。初期还保留 bu的形状：首空，可以纳柄， 形如今日之铲，所以又称“铲币”或“空首币”形状不一，币上一般铸有地名， 有的还铸有币额，公元前 221年秦始皇统一中国后，废除刀布、贝等币，统一使 用圆形的钱币。 　 Unit 7　 Canada 　 一、素质教育目标 （一）知识教学点 1．单词 notice vt．注意到 　　　　　　　　　　　 settler n． 移民 settle vt．定居，解决 　　　　　　　　 struggle vi．＆ vt．斗争，抗争 differently ad．不同地 　　　　　　　　 freeze vt． vi．＆ 结冰 deal n．部分，量　 　　　　　　　　　　 average n．平均数/量 race n．种族 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 natural adj．自然的 skin n．皮肤 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 exploit vt．使用，开发 tool　 n．工具 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ordinary adj．普通的 tap n．水龙头　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 refer vi．指的是 eastern adj．东方的 　　　　　　　　　 tent n．帐篷 official adj．官方的　 　　　　　　　　　 basic adj．基础的 2．词组 generally speaking 一般说来　　　　 settle in在……定居 all the year round一年四季 　　　　 be famous for因……而著名 a great deal of 许多，大量　 　　　 make use of 利用 clear up 整理，收拾　 　　　　　　　　 from time to time 不时地 official language 官方语言 　　　　　 struggle against 与……抗争 refer to 指的是，参考　 　　　　　　 below freezing 在冰点下 3．交际用语与句型 （1）交际用语 1．I thought you were from the States． 2．A lot of people can't tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent． 3．Are there many differences? 4．What do you mean by…? 5．American spellings are used more and more in Canadian now． 6．That sounds strange． （2）句型 1．It is bigger than the U．S．A．and reaches a quarter of the way． 2．The population of Canada is… 3．As in China, the weather is different from area to area． 4．语法 主语和谓语的一致。 （二）能力训练点 1．通过口头练习，学会谈论事物之间存在差异的不同方式。 2．学会如何描写风土人情：了解说明文的写作方法。 （三）德育渗透点 1．通过学习本课，使同学们扩大视野，了解加拿大的概况。用英语知识丰 富自己的头脑。 2．帮助同学们了解历史，了解世界，了解自己，改造自己，改造世界。 二、重难点解析 　 Lesson 25 　 1．I thought you were from the States．我原认为你来自美国。 这句话指的是说话之前的想法。在说这句话的时候已经知道对方的身份，故 用过去时。再如： Oh, it's you． How long have you been in London? I didn't know you were here．啊，原来是你！你来伦敦多久啦？我没想到你会在这里。 What a beautiful gift! I never thought that you would bring me any gift． 多么漂亮的礼物！我没想到你会给我带来礼物。 2．A lot of people can't tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent． 很多人区别不了美国英语口音与加拿大英语口音。 tell the difference between 判别……的区别，tell在这里意为“判别，区分”。 再如： The twin brothers are very much alike．People can't tell one from the other． 孪生兄弟长得很相似，人们简直没法区分他们两个人。 Young as he is,he can tell right from wrong． 尽管他还年轻，但他能辨别对错。 the difference between…指的是两者之间的区别；the difference in…指的是 在某些方面的区别。例如： ——What's the difference in temperature between day and night? 白天和夜间的温差是多大？ ——There is a difference of 10 degrees．有 10度之差。 Coins have some differences in sizes,weights,shapes and metals． 硬币的差别体现在其尺寸、重量、形状和材质上。 3．We fill our cars with“gas”…, fill…with…“将……装满……”或“使……充满……”例如： Jack filled his pockets with chestnuts．杰克将口袋装满栗子。 He filled the glass with water．他将玻璃杯盛满水。The story filled the hearts of the Swiss with pride and courage．这个故事使瑞士人民心中充满自豪和勇气。 fill with有“充满……”之意，fill是不及物动词。如： Her eyes were filled with tears．她的两眼充满泪水。 比较：Tears filled her eyes．泪水充满了她的两眼。 The room is filled with heavy smoke．满屋浓烟。 比较：The heavy smoke filled the room．浓烟满屋。 be filled with与 be full of的区别：be filled with为系表结构，例如：The young man is filled with joy．那青年内心充满喜悦。 The soldiers were filled with anger．战士们满腔怒火。 full of是短语形容词，含义与 filled with相近，可充当状语、定语（后置）、 或表语。如： Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear． 克鲁索盯着那个脚印，满怀恐惧。（状语） He received several baskets full of cards, letters and telegrams of congratulations．他收到了满满几篮子表示祝贺的卡片、贺信和贺电。（定语） As we returned to the home, everything I touched seemed to be full of life．当 我们回到家时，我所接触的样样东西似乎都洋溢着生命。（表语） 4．Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way… generally speaking“一般说来”。在句中作状语。类似的短语还有： frankly speaking 坦率地说　 comparatively speaking 相对而言 strictly speaking 严格说来　 legally speaking 从法律上说 properly speaking 一般说来 practically speaking 实际而言 personally speaking 就我而言　 exactly speaking 准确地说 5．follow the American way 按照美国英语的拼法。 follow vt． 1）“遵循”“按照……行事”例如： Are you going to follow her advice?你打算按她说的做吗？ After the discussion, they decided that they should not follow Jim's suggestion． 经过讨论，他们决定不按杰姆的建议做。 2）“弄懂”“听懂”，例如： I didn't quite follow you．Would you please explain it again? 我没有完全听懂你的话。你再解释一下好吗？ 3）“跟着……之后走”，例如： The boy followed his father out．小孩跟着他父亲出去了。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students． 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 4）“沿着……”，例如： The railway follows the river for several miles． 铁路沿着河延伸了几英里。 Follow the road until you come to the hotel．沿着这条路一直走到旅馆。 5）“跟着……读”，例如： Now let's read the text．Follow me please． 现在我们朗读课文。请跟我读。 6．That sounds strange．这听起来很奇怪。 sound:在句子中是作系动词，意为“听起来”后须跟形容词或名词作表语 跟名词作表语时，名词前还可以加介词 like。例如： Your plan sounds practical．你的计划听起来很实用。 His idea sounds an interesting one．你的主意听起来是个有趣的主意。 这一句也可以写成：Your idea sound like an interesting one． 此外，还可以跟 as if引导的从句。如： It sounds as if the government is trying hard to solve the problem of pollution． 听起来政府正在努力解决污染的问题。 sound还可以作实义动词，意为：“发声”“发出……声音”。例如： The bell sounded at 8 o'clock for dinner．八点钟响吃饭的铃。 The“s”in“island”is not sounded． “s”在单词“island”中不发音。 类似 sound的系动词还有： appear（显得，好像），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），feel（摸起 来），grow（变得），turn（变成） 这些动词跟 sound一样都是既可以作系动词又可以作行为动词，使用时一 定要根据上下文弄清楚其词性。 7．I'll tell you something that does sound strange． 我倒是可以告诉你一件听起来的确很奇怪的事情。 助动词 do用在行为动词前，表示强调，意为：“的确”“确实”“一定”， 例如： I do hope that I can see you very soon．我确实希望很快能看到你。 Do come here on time．一定按时到达这里。 8．People all over the country speak the same way． 全国的人都是以同一种方式说话。 way表示“方式、方法”作状语时，前面的介词通常省掉：speak the same way =speak in the same way．再如： I don't like the way you walk．(=…the way in which you walk) 我不喜欢你走路的样子。 9．…you'll notice that the people there speak quite differently from the rest of Canada．你会注意到那儿的人们与加拿大其它地方的人说话很不相同。 notice是及物动词，意为：pay attention(to…)with eyes,表示“注意到”的意 思。如： He noticed a fly on the plate．他看见盘子里有一只苍蝇。 I noticed him enter the office．我看到他走进办公室。 observe: watch carefully, see and notice 也是及物动词，意为：“观察、注意 地看、仔细地看”。如： She has observed the stars all her life．她一辈子观察星星。 The policeman observed the man open the window． 警察注意地看着那个人打开窗户。 catch sight of: begin to see suddenly 是一个短语，意为：突然看到 I was wondering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop． 我在街上徘徊，这时我突然看到了一家服装店。 　 Lesson 26 　 1．Canada is the second largest country in the world． 加拿大是世界上第二大的国家。 汉语中的“第几大”“第几长”“第几高”等等的意思，在英语中必须用“定冠词 +序数词+形容词最高级”这种结构。如： The Great Wall is the longest man-made wall in the world． 长城是世界上最长的人造城墙。 Of all the metals lead is the second heaviest one． 铅是金属中比重第二重的金属。 2．It is larger than the USA and reaches nearly a quarter of the way round the earth． 它比美国要大，（它的国土的长度）几乎达到地球（同纬度的）周长的四 分之一。 （1）句中的 reach为不及物动词，作“延伸”（extend）解。如： This river reaches as far as the sea．这条河流一直延伸到海边。 His voice is too weak to reach the back of the hall． 他说话的声音太小大厅后边的人听不到。 （2）作“抵达”（get to）“伸手碰到”（stretch out the hand for sth．）等 解时，是及物动词。如： It was dark when we reached the school．我们到达学校时，天已黑了。 Though he is tall, he can't reach the apple on the tree． 尽管他很高，他还是够不到树上的苹果。 短语：within(one's)reach 够得到，beyond/out of(one's)reach够不到 3．The distance from east to west is over 5,500 kilometres and the country covers six of the world's 24 time areas．从东到西的距离超过 5，500公里，（加 拿大的国土）跨越过全世界 24个时区中的 6个时区。 （1）from east to west“从东到西”，在连接的短语中不论是表时间的名词 还是表方位的名词，其前面都不加冠词。如： from south to north 从南到北 from door to door 挨家挨户 from head to foot 从头到脚 from morning to night(from morning till night)从早到晚 （2）cover vt． A．“覆盖”“遮盖”，本句中的作“占有（多少面积）”解。如： The city covers ten square miles．这座城市占地 10平方英里。 B．“采访（新闻）”。如： He was sent to cover the Science Conference in Beijing． 他被派去采访北京科学大会。 C．“行程为…” That day, we covered 50 miles．那天我们走了 50英里的路程。 4．There are two official languages, French and English． official language 官方语言 类似短语： working language 工作语言 business language商业语言 written language 书面语言 oral language 口头语言 5．For two centuries English and French Settlers struggled against each other to control the country．两个世纪以来，英国和法国的定居者为了控制这个国家而互 相争斗。 settlers定居者 定居 settle(in)(vi．) struggled against each other,相互争斗。struggle的搭配： struggle against 与……作斗争 struggle against difficulties 与困难作斗争 struggle against poverty 与贫穷作斗争。struggle against pollution 与污染作斗 争 each other与 one another这两个短语都是“互相”的意思，不定代词作宾语。 但在正式场合，each other多用于两人之间，one another多用于两人之上。 例如： Why are the two children always shouting at each other? 你们这两个孩子怎么老是吵闹？ The children were shouting at one another as the teacher entered the room． 老师进来时，孩子们正在吵闹。 这个区别在现代英语中正在渐渐消失，特别是在口语体或非正式的书面语 中，这两个短语既可以用于两人以上，也可以用于两人之间。例如： The two men shook hands with one another．那两个人相互握手。 The people in the roon all knew each other． 这个屋子里的人都相互认识。 These two are very fond of one another．他们俩都非常喜欢对方。 6．Today one province of Canada is French-speaking French-speaking说法语的，类似的短语： 说英语的 English-speaking，说汉语的 Chinese－speaking 吃草的 grass-eating，食肉的 flesh－eating 唯和的 peace-keeping，滴水的water－dripping 这一类短语中的动词之所以用-形式，是因为它们所表达的是被修饰名词的 “功能”或“具有……的特性”． 7．In the north, the winters are long and hard,with snow of six months of the year．冬季时间长，而且寒冷，一年中有六个月下雪． 句中的 hard是形容词，意思是“（天气、气候）酷烈的”、“严寒的”． 句中的with是介词，作“有”“带有”解，常构成复合结构，起补充或修 饰的作用。如： He lived in a small village, with a lot of trees around it． 他住在一个村庄，四周有许多树。 He came into the classroom, with a book in his hand． 他走进教室，手里拿着一本书。 8．The temperatures can fall to-60℃,that is 60℃ below freezing． 气温可降到-60℃，也就是零下 60℃。 （1）fall指下降，to指到什么程度。另外，fall to 也可以指下降到什么位置 例如： He fell to his knees and begged forgiveness．他跪下请求饶恕。 （2）that is（=that is to say）“也就是说”。进行进一步解释，例如： He does very well in each maths examination, that is(to say)he is very good at maths 他每次数学考试都考得好。也就是说，他非常擅长数学。 9．Plants grow well all the year around．．． all the year around 一年四季；类似短语： all night long 通宵达旦 all（the）day long 一整天 all through the winter 整个冬天　 all the time/while 一直 10．and the parks and gardens are famous for their flowers． 公园和花园都以其花卉而闻名。 be famous for(be well-known for)因……而著名，for表示原因，例如： The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery． 西湖因其美丽的景色而著名。 This school is famous for its high quality． 这所学校因高质量而著名。 be famous as/be well-known as,作为……而著名，as后的名词是主语的补充 说明。例如： The Beijing City is famous as an old capital　 with a long history． 北京作为一个具有悠久历史的古都而著名。 This professor is famous as an artist and poet． 这位教授既是一位著名的画家又是一位著名诗人。 11．Canada has one third of the world's supply of fresh water （加拿大的）淡水供应量占世界的三分之一。 supply 在句中为名词“……的供应”。类似短语： supply of food or food supply粮食供应 supply of electricity or electricity supply电力供应 supply of resources or resource supply资源供应 supply of money of money supply 提供资金 supply作动词，是及物动词，其结构为： supply sb with sth．or supply sth． to sb．为某人提供某物，例如： This company supplied the homeless people with food and medicine． 这家公司为这些流离失所的人们提供食物和药品。 This market supplies fresh vegetables and fruits to the people around here． 这家商场为周围的人们提供新鲜的蔬菜和水果。 12．The country has a great deal of coal, oil and natural gas, and these are all exploited for energy． 加拿大拥有大量的煤、石油、和天然气，这些全都开发作能源。 （1）在肯定句中，不用 much，many代替 a great deal of, a lot of． much, many一般只用于疑问句和否定句，因此句中的 a great deal of不用much代替。 （2）exploit．vt．利用（usc），开发（develop）。例如： You must exploit every possible chance to learn new things． 你必须利用一切机会来学习新东西。 They are trying every possible means to exploit the rich resources here． 他们正在采取一切办法来开发这里丰富的自然资源。 　 Lesson 27 　 1．Others remained in one place and started farms of their own． 另外一些人在一个地方定居下来，开办自己的农场。 （1）remain在句中为实义动词，表示停留在某地，常可以与 stay替换使用。 如 Please remain/stay here until I return．请留在这儿等我回来。 He remained/stayed in Paris three weeks．他在巴黎呆了三个星期。 （2）但是，严格地讲，remain指的是在其他人（或物）离开（或清除、消 失等）之后仍然留下来，而 stay一般不带有这个意思。例如： All had left their seats and gone home hours ago;he remained． 所有的人都在几小时前离席回家了，他还留在这儿。 Few remained in the building after the alarm was given． 警报拉响后，大楼里几乎空无一人。 （3）remain还可作系动词，意为“仍然……”，其后面可跟名词、形容词、 分词、和介词短语。如： The door remained closed．门仍然关着。（分词） When the guest came in, we all stood up,only he remained still．（形容词） 客人进来时，我们都站起来，只有他坐着不动。 Peter became a judge, but John remained a fisherman．（名词） 彼得成为了法官，而约翰仍然是个渔民。 Victories remain with us．胜利仍然属于我们。（介词短语） 2．Today many of them live in special areas where they can continue their way of life．今天许多印第安人住在特定的区域里，在那儿他们可以继续保留他们的 生活方式。 （1）continue为及物动词，意为：继续，其后面可跟名词、动词不定式、动 名词作宾语。例如： We continued our climb．我们继续爬山。 After that, he continued to devote himself to research work． 此后，他继续献身于研究工作。 Though wounded, he continued fighting as if nothing had happened． 他尽管负了伤，但他仍然继续战斗，好像什么也没发生过似的。 （2）continue有“延伸”的意思，相当于“go farther” The desert continued as far as the eye could reach． 沙漠一望无际。 How far does this road continue? 这条路延伸多远？ （3）continue有“持续”之意，和“last”常可互换。但只用于主动语态， 而不可用于被动语态。 The fine weather lasted/continued only a few days． 晴天只持续了几天。 The story is to be continued in next issue． 这个故事在下期连载。 3．The people of northern Canada are called Inuit, who came from Asia and settled in Canada about 4,000 years ago． settled in Canada在加拿大定居 （1）settle作“定居”解为不及物动词，“在……定居”为“settle in”如： After a long move, they settled in a small village at last． 经过长途迁徙，他们最后在一个小村庄定居下来了。 （2）settle作“解决”解时为及物动词，相当于“solve”如： They are trying every possible means to settle the problem． 他们正在想尽一切办法解决这个问题。 （3）它的名词形式为：settlement After their settlement in the town,they began to start their own business． 在他们在城里定居下来以后，便开始自己的事业。 4．They used to travel around from place to place with teams of dogs which pulled their baggage． 他们以往总是用一群群的狗拉着行李从一个地方转移到另一个地方。 （1） used to“过去常常……”表示过去经常性的动作，后面跟不定式。可 与动作动词连用，也可与状态动词连用，强调过去与现在的对比，有“过去那 样，现在不是了”的含义。例如： I used to get up early．我以前起得很早。 He used to write with a special pen．他过去习惯用一支专门的笔写。 would 指过去的惯常动作，常表达一种回想、回味，有“过去曾经有过那番 经历”的意味，并不是单纯地陈述某一件事实，也不表示与现在时的对比；表 示过去的习惯时，多与 often, sometimes, always, for hours, on a Sunday 等副词连 用。例如： He would often/sometimes come to see me on a Sunday． 他星期天经常来看我。 He would sit for hours, deeply thinking． 他常坐着沉思，一坐就是好几个小时。 5．They made use of animal bones, which they carved into basic tools． 他们利用动物的骨头，常常把骨头削成基本的工具。 make use of 利用，类似短语： make full use of 充分利用，make good use of 好好地利用 make better use of更好地利用，make the best use of尽量地利用 The best time we can make the best use of to study is our free time． 我们能够尽量地利用来学习的时间最好是我们的业余时间。 6．There are about 25,000 Inuit in all． in all“总共”相当于“altogether”，在句中作状语，例如： We have already finished fifty percent of the task in all． 我们已经总共完成任务的百分之五十。 容易混淆的短语： all in一切在内，all in all总的说来 all in one合为一体，and all以及其他一切；例如： The renovation of the building will cost 10,000,all in． All in all,the amateur song-and-dance group gave an excellent performance． This is a handbook of English phonetics, grammar and lexicology all in one． The fire burnt the books, clothes, furniture and all． 7．The government has started a new school project in which Inuit teach their own young children． 政府已经开始实施一项新的办学计划，以帮助因努伊特人教育他们的孩子。 （1）start vt．其后面可跟名词、代词、不定式和动名词作宾语，并且意义各 不相同： A．开始 We have started a new experiment．我们已经开始了一项新的实验。 B．开办 He is collecting money to start a special school． 他正在筹集资金开办一所特别学校。 C．使……开始，使……发动 Because of the cold weather, we couldn't start the car this morning． 由于天气寒冷，今天早上我们发动不了汽车。 （2）start vi． A．表示“起程，开始旅行” We started for London at 6 o'clock．我们六点钟出发去伦敦。 B．表示“开始工作，开始起作用，开始运转” The bus won't start．汽车发动不起来。 （3）start后常可加不定式或动名词表示“开始做某事”，即 start to do或 start doing，一般情况下可以互换，但下列情形中，往往选择其中之一。 A．当我们谈论一项长期的习惯性的活动时，用动名词。如： How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你最初弹钢琴的时候有多大？ （比较）她在钢琴前坐下开始弹了起来。 She sat down at the piano and started to play/playing the piano． B．在 start本身为进行时态的时候，不使用动名词 I'm starting to cook the dinner．我正要开始煮饭。 C．以上用法也适合于用 begin表“开始”；注意在一些习惯用法上，start 和 begin的搭配不同： 伙计们让我们立即干起来吧。 Come along, everybody．Let's start work at once． Come along, everybody．Let's begin to work at once． 今天我们从第 15页开始。 Today we start from page 15．/Today we begin at page 15． D．start out后面只可跟不定式短语，不可接动名词形式，但可接介词短语。 如： I started out to make the dress by myself, but in the end I had to ask for help． 起初我打算自己做这件衣服，但是最后还是请求帮助。 He has started out on a new career．他已经在新的事业上起步了。 He started out for work an hour ago; hasn't he arrived yet? 他一小时前就出发去上班了，怎么还没到？ 8．So, it is hoped that the way of Inuit life will be kept alive for many more centuries．这样，人们希望因努伊特的人的生活方式将会保存更多的世纪。 （1）It is hoped that…就相当于 People hope that“人们希望……”这样一个 句型，像这样的句型还有： It is said that…“据说，人们说” It is reported that…“据报道，有报道说” It is announced that…“据公布，据报道” It is suggested that…“据建议，有人建议”例如： It is said that he is writing a new novel．Or: People say that he is writing a new novel．据说他正在写一部新小说。 It is reported that a fire broke out in that village． 据报道那个村庄发生了一场火灾。 It is suggested that the sports meeting should be put off to next Friday． 有人建议把运动会改在下星期五开。 （2）keep…alive使……活着，使……继续保持下去。keep为使动词，意为 “使……怎么样”后面可跟形容词、分词及介词短语作宾语补足语。如： I'm sorry to keep you standing like that．对不起，让你就这么站着。 Please keep the door open．请不要关门。 Keep him away from the wet paint．不要让他靠近未干的油漆。 （3）alive adj．常作表语或后置定语，意思是“活着的，存在的，在世上 的”例如： They are the happiest children alive．他们是当代最幸福的孩子们 An enemy officer was caught alive．一名敌军官被活捉。 After that war,all his fellows died, and only he was alive． 那场战争后，他的同伴都死了，惟独他还活着。 9．难点辨析： （1）for example, such as for example是用来举例说明的，单独使用，作插入语；而 such as的意思是 “诸如……之类”，“例如——”，用来列举事物，插在被列举的事物与前面 的名词之间。例如： Some students, for example, John, live in this area． 有些学生，例如约翰，住在这个地区。 Many great men have risen from poverty——Lincoln and Edison, for example． 许多伟人从贫困中崛起，例如林肯和爱迪生。 John likes to make furniture, such as chairs and tables． 约翰喜欢做家具，例如椅子和桌子。 They will plant flowers, such as roses and peonies． 他们将种这些花，例如玫瑰和牡丹。 （2）type, kind type指“型”“类型”等； kind特指一种性质相同，且有极相似的特质， 能在某分类中归于一类者。在一般情况下，type比较具体、肯定； kind比较笼统、 模糊。 例如： I saw a new type of car in front his house． 我在他的房前看到一辆新型的小汽车。 Men of his type are not to be trusted．像他那种类型的人不可信赖。 They are different kinds of animals．它们是不同种类的动物。 10．语法 主语和谓语的一致 处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。 （1）语法上一致 A．以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一 般要用单数动词；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： To study hard is important． I am seventeen． What hs said is true． 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词大多数用单数；但如果表 语是复数或what从句是个带有复数意义的并列结构，主语的谓语动词也可用复 数形式。如： What I saw was（were）two books． What I think and say is（are）no business of yours． B．两个主语用 and连接时，谓语动词一般用复数。如： Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were here a moment ago． Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China． What he said and what he did have caused some trouble． 当 and连接两个名词，指同一个人、同一件事或者同一概念时，谓语动词用 单数形文，and此时的含义为 as well as 相当于插入成分，这时 and后面的名词 没有冠词。 另外，由 and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有 each, every, no,或 many a 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如： In our country every boy and every girl has the right of education． No house and no tree is left after such a hurricane． Many a book and many a pen is in the desk over there． C．不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语， 谓语动词用单数。例如： Mrs．Cousins went to the widow to see if everything is all right． Someone wants to see you． D．代词 none和 neither有时作单数看，有时作复数看，主要根据说话人的 意思决定。如： None of them has arrived vet at the settlement． Neither of the novels is(are)very interesting． None of them have arrived yet． E．主语是单数时，如果后面跟有 as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including等带有其它 名同，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： The teacher as well as the students likes this song． Ann, like you and Jane, is very clever． His brother, together with Jim and James, is gone． F．关于代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数 应与句中先行词的数一致。如： Those who want to go please gather at the gate． Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the atom． G．一些只有复数形式的名词，如 clothes, trousers, shorts（短裤）等，当它 们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如： My trousers are being ironed． The clothes here are expensive． 但如果表示成双的东西的名词前有 a pair of 修饰时，其谓语动词用单数。如： He bought a pair of new shorts, which was very cheap． H．由“a lot of(lots of, plenty of, a number of )+名词”构成的短语以及由 “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要根据名词的数而定。 如： Over 50％ of the country's trees have been damaged since 1986． One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted． Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea． （2）意义上的一致 A．集体名词 group, class, family, team, army, enemy, government, company, committee等作主语，如视为整体，谓语动词用单数，视为一个个的个体，就用 复数。如： My family is a large one． The family are sitting at the breakfast table． The army is going to remain in this town． The army have rescued the travellers． B．如果数词作主语，经常把数词看作一个整体，谓语动词可用单数。如： Two and ten is twelve． Twenty years is a long time． Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money． C．有些表示总称意义的名词，如 public, police, cattle, people等作主语时， 其谓语动词总是用复数形式。如： Cattle are one cause of the problem． The police have not caught anybody． （3）就近一致 A．当一个句子有两个主语，而它们又是由whether…or, either…or, not only…but(also)或 neither…nor连接时，谓语动词通常和近的那个主语一致。如： Either Ann or Mary is from New Zealand． Neither he nor I have read the novel． Not only he but also I am wrong． B．有 there或 here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，谓语动词通常和邻近的 那个主语一致。 如： There is a lamp, two books and a radio on the desk． Here are some envelopes and paper for you． Here comes the bus． 三、课时安排 5课时学完本单元 第一课时 Lesson 25 第二课时 Lesson 26 第三课时 Lesson 27 第四课时 Lesson 28 第五课时 Unit Test 7 四、学生活动设计 Lesson 25 口头练习：交际功能——谈论事物之间的异同。 Lesson 26 学生快速阅读，就地图回答问题。 Lesson 27 学生自己从课文中找出典型的句子，归纳本课的语法重点。 Lesson 28 笔头练习：用英文写一篇介绍地理风土人情的小论文。 五、教学步骤 　 Period 1 　 （一）明确目标 1．Know about the difference between American English and Canadian English． 2．Practise in pairs telling the difference between two things or two countries． 3．Study the language points in this lesson． （二）整体感知 Learn the dialogue by asking and answering questions between the teacher and the students． 　 Step 1　 Revision and warm up 　 [The teacher may start like this] Now, boys and girls, we've learned English for nearly more than five years．In which countries in the world do the people speak English? [The teacher collects the names of the countries, write them on the black board, and practise their pronunciation,especially word stress．] England, Australia, New Zealand, America, Canada, and so on． Step 2 Presentation [Say to the Ss:] [In the world there are so many English-speaking Countries．]But do you know in different countries, people don't speak English in the same way? So, in this period, we are going to learn the difference between American English and Canadian English．In today's lesson, we are going to meet Dean; he's Canadian．He is talking about Canadian English．Which of the following does he talk about: grarnmar ,vocabulary, spelling or pronunciation? [Write these words on the blackboard．Get the Ss to read the dialogue quickly and give the answers(Vocabulary, Spelling, Pronunciation)] （三）重难点的学习与目标完成过程 　 Step 3　 Reading 　 Now Dean is talking about Canadian English．You are listening． Is an American accent very different from a Canadian accent? Do people have the same accent all over the country? [Ask the Ss to read the dialogue silently and answer the two questions．] 　 Step 4　 Oral practice 　 Play the tape of the dialogue for the Ss to listen and follow, repeating and imitating the pronunciation and intonation．This is going on for times and then ask the Ss to do pair work or group work to practise this dialogue． One plays the role of Dean and the other Fang Qun． Then change the roles． （四）总结、扩展 　 Step 5　 Summary of Lesson 25 　 1．[To the whole class] After learning the dialogue, what do we know about Canadian English? ——There are just a few differences between a Canadian accent and an American accent． Most Canadians say news[nju:z]． but Americans say [nu:z] Canadians mainly use American words, but they use quite a lot of British words too．Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way, but conference reports and schoolbooks use British spelling． In the eastern provinces, or some country areas, people speak quite differently from the rest of Canada． 2．Language focus [The teacher presents the following points on slides or on a screen, and asks the Ss to explain the uses of them．The teacher helps them when they have difficulties．] (1) tell the difference between People can't tell the difference between the twin brothers． Can you tell the difference between these two words? (2) fill…with He is filling the glass with milk． She filled the basket with flowers． (3) follow the American way Now a lot of people in the eastern countries follow the western way of life． If you had followed my advice, you would have done it much better． (4)That sounds strange． Your idea sounds like a good one． It sounds as if the government is trying every possible means to solve this problem． 　 Step 6　 Workbook 　 1．Wb Lesson 25 Ex．1 Call out one or two Ss and ask them to read aloud each sentence．Ask the class Right or Wrong? Hands up! See how many of them can get the correct answers． 2．Wb Lesson 25 Ex． 2and 3． First let the Ss read the dialogue to make sure the Ss know the dialogue very well before they start doing Ex 2．Then call out one or two Ss to read out their completed passage to the whole class to check the answers． 3．Ex．3 First get the Ss to work in pairs or in groups and then ask several pairs to read out their dialogues． （五）板书设计 句型： 1．I thought you were from the States 2．A lot of people can't tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent． 3．Are there many differences? 4．What do you mean by…? I'm sorry, I don't follow you． 5．That sounds strange． 　 Period 2 　 （一）明确目标 1．Learn Lesson 26 to get the brief ideas of Canada, such as the size, the weather ,the history, the agriculture, energy, geography, and the language． 2．The students are required to answer the questions raised both by the teacher and in the passage． （二）整体感知 Get the students to know more accurately about Canada after they read the passage under the teacher's guidance． 　 Step 1　 Revision 　 1．Check the homework exercises． 2．Revise the dialogue in Lesson 25 by asking the Ss to act out their dialogue． 3．Get the Ss to do some oral work with the key words and sentence patterns in Lesson 25． 　 Step 2　 Presentation 　 [Talk about the picture on top of page 38,by looking at the map and asking and answering the following questions．] 1．Is Canada larger or smaller than China? ——Larger than China． 2．What do you think the weather is like in Canada? ——Weather in the north, Temperatures in the south, Temperatures in the west． 3．What languages are spoken in Canada? ——Two official languages, 4．What is produced in Canada? ——Natural resources． （三）重难点的学习与目标完成过程 　 Step 3　 Fast reading 　 Read the passage quickly and find out the answers to the questions 1．What is the capital of Canada? 2．What is the size of Canada? 3．What is the population of Canada? 4．Where did the first settlers come from? 5．How many official languages are spoken in Canada? What are they? 　 Step 4　 Careful reading 　 Get the Ss to read the passage carefully, paying attention to the correct way of saying the population, the size, the temperatures, and then get the Ss to talk about the picture, with their books closed, using the words, expressions and sentence patterns from the passage． 　 Step 5　 Practice 　 1．Get the Ss to do SB Page 39, Part3 word study． First explain to them what they have to do, then let them do this exercise individually and check their answers． 2．Ask the Ss to do SB Page 39 Part4,following the example and doing it in pairs and check their answers at the end． 3．Get the Ss to do Note making and discussion． First make sure that the Ss know what to do, then ask them to do Note making individually and do the discussion in pairs or in groups． 　 Step 6　 Workbook 　 Wb Lesson 26 Ex．2 and 3． Ex．2 helps revise the information about Canada and English numbers．After finishing their pair work, some of the Ss may be asked to read aloud the whole passage to the rest of the whole class． Before doing Ex．3,revise the phrases in the box by doing Chinese-English translation． Then books open．Let the Ss do the exercise in pairs and finally check the answers with the whole class．If possible,get the Ss to translate every sentence into Chinese． （四）总结、扩展 　 Step 7　 Consolidation 　 Books closed．Get the Ss to tell the teacher as much information about Canada as they can． [A possible answer] Canada is the second largest country in the world． The distance from east to west is over 5,500 kilometres and covers six of the world's 24 time areas． The population of Canada is about 29 million and the capital is Ottawa． There are two official languages ,French and English．As in China, the weather is different from area to area．Canada has one third of the world's supply of fresh water． Most of the electricity is produced by water． （五）板书设计 板书 1 Language points 1) the second largest country 2)from east to west 3) official language 4)struggle against 5) below freezing 6) all the year around 7) be famous for/be famous as 8) a great deal of 　 板书 2 Canada Population 29 million English French settlers Size 5,500 kilometres Covers six of the world's24 time areas Capital Ottawa Energy water coal Oil, natural gas Language English French Weather Different from area to area north, winter long, hard -60℃ average -10℃ summer21℃,Jan3℃ 　 Period 3 　 （一）明确目标 1．Study Lesson 27 to know about the way of life of North American Indians in southern Canada and Inuit in northern Canada． 2．The students are required to answer the questions raised in the passage or by the teacher． 3．Learn the key words and expressions and sentence patterns （二）整体感知 　 Step 1　 Revision 　 1．Check the homework exercises． 2．Books closed, get the Ss to answer some questions． A．Canada is the largest country in the world, isn't it? B．How many time areas does this country cover? C．The population is 125 million, isn't it? D．What are its official languages? E．The warmest place in winter is in the east, isn't it? E．Canada doesn't have many forests, does it? G．Canada makes most of its electricity from coal, doesn't it? 　 Step 2　 Presentation 　 1．[Say to the Ss] We've learned that Canada has a population of about 29 million．Do you know what people live in southern Canada and what people live in northern Canada? Give the Ss a few minutes to read through the passage and find the answers． 2．Ask the Ss some questions A．How long have North American Indians lived in southern Canada? B．How did they live in the early days? C．Where did Inuit come from? D．What was their way of life like? E．What is the total number of Inuit? F．How does the government treat Inuit? （三）重难点的学习与完成过程 　 Step 3　 Fast reading 　 Get the Ss to read the passage quickly to catch the main idea and then give them some statements to see whether they the true or false． 1．Northern American Indians live in the main big cities of Canada． 2．Northern American Indians live a very modern life． 3．Inuit came from Africa many centuries ago． 4．Inuit live on rice and vegetables． 5．The government doesn't allow Inuit to keep their way of life for many more centuries． 　 Step 4　 Careful reading 　 Get the Ss to read the passage carefully and then do Wb Lesson 27 Ex． 1 as the written work individually． After that, get one or two Ss to read out the passage to make sure the Ss understand the passage well and check their answers． 　 Stop 5　 Practice 　 1．SB Page 40,Part 2． Get the Ss to go quickly through the three example sentences and ask them whether“news”is singular or plural,“uses”singular or plural and ask the Ss to show the reason． 2．SB Page 40, Part3． Get the Ss to do this exercise in pairs and then ask one or two of the Ss to read their sentences to make sure they know these grammatical rules well．If necessary,discuss the difficult things with the Ss． 3．SB Page 41,Part4． Do a short presentation using these two example sentences．Write these two sentences on the Bb and under the army in the first sentence write “部队”,the second army“战士们”．Explain to the Ss in Chinese that some nouns can be used with either a singular or a plural verb．Explain to the Ss that in this exercise they must choose thecorrect verb and put it into the singular or plural of the Present Simple Tense．Write the verbs on the Bb in random order． 4．SB Page 41,Part5． Do a short presentation before the class does the exercise．Write these two example sentences on the Bb．Ask the Ss to think what the missing words are．Do the first three orally with the whole class．Then get the Ss to work through the exercise in pairs． Check the answers with the whole class and deal with the problems that may rise． 　 Step 6　 Workbook 　 Wb Lesson 27 Ex． 2-3． Ex． 2, make sure that the Ss understand these sentences． If necessary, translate them into Chinese． Ex．3,do this exercise orally in class． Pay attention to the meaning of the words chosen． （四）总结、扩展 1．Grammar exercises: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given． (1) Each of us____(have)something to say． (2)____(be)everybody here? (3)Which____(be) your room? (4) Which____(be) your rooms? (5) Either you or I____(be)wrong． (6) Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else____(be)able to do it． (7) Not only the teacher but also his students____(be) interested in English． (8) His family____(be) not very large． (9) His family____(be) all music lovers． (10) Class 3____(request) the pleasure of your company． (11) Class 3____(be) able to agree upon a monitor． （五）板书设计 板书 1 Language points: 1．remain(link v．)+ n．/adj．/participle 2．settle vi．（定居）settle in vt．（解决） settle the problem 3．make use of利用 4．make full use of充分利用 5．make good use of很好地利用 6．make the best use of最好地利用 7．in all总共 8．keep…alive使……活着，alive adj．,当代的，活着的，幸存的 　 板书 2 语法上一致 连接两个名词指同一事，同一物，同一概念，谓语动词用单数。 Each +n． and each + n．,every + n． and every + n．, no + n． and no + n． 谓语动词用单数 anyone, eveybodysomething, each, nothing the other等作主语谓语动词用单数 主语是单数，如果跟有 as well as, but, including except, with, like+其他名词，谓语单数意义上一致 集体名词 group class, family, team 数词作主语 总称意义的名词 public, police people, cattle 就近一致 whether…or, either…or, not only…but谓语与邻近的主语一致 there或 here引起的句子，主语不止一个，谓语与邻近的主语一致 　 Period 4 　 Step 1　 Revision 　 Get the Ss to talk about the Inuit in Canada． Write these words on the Bb: food,travel, house, hunt, make． 　 Step 2　 Preparation for listening 　 SB Page 42, Part 1． Wb Listening, Unit 7． Tell the Ss Today we are going to find out more about the Inuit in the north of Canada． 　 Step 3　 Listening 　 Do these exercises step by step． If necessary, pause the tape for the Ss to write down their answers． 　 Step 4　 Writing 　 1．Get the Ss to fill in the gaps, then ask one or two of them to read out their passage to make sure that they have known well about Agreement． 2．Get the Ss to write a short passage about the differences between China and Canada with the help of the teacher, using some notes from the text． 　 Period　 5 Unit Test 7（略） 　 六、参考资料： 1．加拿大位于北美洲北半部，东北隔巴芬湾(Baffin Bay )与格陵兰岛 (Greenland)相望，西北连接美国的阿拉斯加(Alaska)，东临大西洋(the Atlantic)， 西濒太平洋(the Pacific)，北滨北冰洋(the Arctic)，南界美国(the United States of America)。在南部和美国接界出有著名的五大湖：苏必利尔湖(Lake Superior)， 休伦湖(Lake Huron)，安大略湖(Lake Ontario)，伊利湖(Lake Erie)和密歇根湖 (Lake Michigan)。其中密歇根湖在美国境内，其余四湖为两国共有。著名的尼亚 加拉大瀑布(Niagara Falls)位于加美交界处伊利湖和安大略湖之间的尼亚加拉河。 2．加拿大最早居民为印第安人(American Indians)和因纽特人(Inuit)。15世纪 末 16世纪初英法殖民主义者先后侵入。1763年沦为英国殖民地。1867年成立联 邦，成为英国自治领地。1926年获得外交上的独立。1931年成为英联邦成员国。7 月 1日为国庆日。1970年 10月与我国建交。 3．加拿大的国树为枫树(maple)。英语和法语同为官方语言。加拿大各地气候 有明显的差异。西部沿海地区温和而湿润，中部地区冬夏温差大，东部地区温度 比两部低，各季绝大部分地区积雪。 4．加拿大工农业都比较发达。主要城市有：渥太华(Ottawa)，蒙特利尔 (Montreal)，多伦多(Toronto)，温哥华(Vancouver)和魁北克(Quebec)等。 5．中国人民和加拿大人民有着传统的友谊。温哥华是一个华侨很多的城市。 全国第二大城市多伦多市北 100多米的格雷文赫斯特(Gravenhurst)是伟大的国 际主义战士白求恩(Norman Bethune)的故乡。