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Unit 6 Mainly Revision 一、教学目标与要求 本单元为复习课。重点复习第 1至 5单元中出现的语法现象和日常交际用语 并在学生理解的基础上，强调运用的熟练程度。学生能较为自如地运用在上述单 元中出现的语言现象进行表达，尤其是要落实到笔头方面；通过对话课的学习 与操练，进一步熟悉有关打电话的用语；通过对两篇阅读文章的学习，了解一 些有关集邮、集硬币方面的知识，并能用自己组织的语言，对硬币的历史、发展 和收藏进行介绍；正确完成练习册安排的练习。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 excuse； shame； ring； possibly；trade； whatever；afford； common；be of…； look round；hand out； here and there；be about to； sooner or later；packs of 2．重要句型 1）Coins may be of different sizes， weights， shapes， and of different met-als． 2）The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200 000 silver pennies，all of them over 600 years old．3）It can be very exciting to get stamps which you do not have yet． 3．语法 复习第 1至 5单元中出现的语法现象。 4．日常交际用语 复习第 1至 5单元中出现的日常交际用语：打电话 （Making telephone calls）1）Hello．Can I speak to Zhou Lan，please？2）This is Zhou Lan speaking．3）Hello，Zhou Lan．This is Bruce． Excuse me for ringing you so late in the evening， but I’ve only just got home．4）OK．I’ll ring you if I have any news．5）Thanks very much．Bye． 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师可通过以下步骤导入正课：I understand that some of you collect stamps．Those who collect stamps， hands up， please． Good．So many of you are interested in collecting stamps．It seems to me that some-times you want a certain stamp very much． Now tell me what you would do at this time？ 请几位同学谈谈自己的做法。 2．准备放对话录音，用投影仪打出听前提问： What are they talking about？放录音 1遍，请一位同学回答上述问题。 Key：They are talking about stamps． 3．再放录音，学生跟读一至两遍。 根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，检查学生的理解程度。 1）When did Bruce make a telephone call to Zhou Lan？2）What did Bruce ask Zhou Lan about？3）What happened to the cock year stamp Zhou Lan once had？ 4）What did Zhou Lan offer to do for Bruce？ Key：1） Bruce made a telephone call to Zhou Lan very late in the evening．2）Bruce asked Zhou Lan about some stamps．He wanted to know if she still had the cock year stamp．3）She sold it the week before．4） She offered to help find one cock year stamp for Bruce． 4．学生两个人一组，练习对话三至五分钟。教师请几组同学到前面表演。 5．要求学生将本课对话改写为一篇短文，教师可给予必要的提示。 提示语（用投影仪打出）：1）make a phone call 2）ask… about stamps 3）sold it last week 4）offer help 5）ring him if there is news 将首句给出：Bruce made a phone call to Zhou Lan and asked her about some stamps． 要求学生根据对话，参照老师所给提示编写短文。数分钟后，请同学朗读自 己的短文，教师予以讲评。 Model： Bruce made a phone call to Zhou Lan and asked her about some stamps． He asked if Zhou Lan still had the cock year stamp．Zhou Lan told him that she had sold the stamp the week before．Bruce felt very sad，for he wanted the stamp very much． Zhou Lan offered to help him get one and told him that if she had any news she would ring him． Bruce was very pleased． 6．教师指导学生归纳本课中所出现的有关打电话（Making telephone calls）的常用语句（见日常交际用语部分）。要求学生能熟练掌握这些语句，并 在编练新的对话时加以运用。 教师组织学生编演新的对话。学生可以使用本课第三部分中所给出的情景， 也可自行设计情景。尽量使用有关问路及应答的常用语句。数分钟后，请两组同 学到前面表演，教师予以讲评。 7．课堂活动：一周后，周兰为布鲁斯找到一张鸡年邮票，打电话通知布鲁 斯。要求学生根据这个情景，两人一组编出对话。 A week later， Zhou Lan finds a cock year stamp for Bruce． She makes a phone call to Bruce to tell him the news． Make a dialogue between them． 8．布置作业 1）预习第 22课；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课（Ⅰ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．教师向学生提出下列问题： 1）I understand that many of you have got different hob-bies． Can you tell me what your hobbies are？2）Is there anybody that collects coins in our class？ 3） Do you find it interesting？ 4） What can you learn from collecting coins？ 准备阅读课文。教师给出读前提问： 1） When were the earliest coins used in the world？2）What did a person find in Australia in 1978？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文（默读），之后请同学回答上 述问题。 Key：1）The earliest coins were used in the world from about the year 650 BC．2）The person discovered a pot containing 32000 Chinese metal coins in the ground． 3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度（可参阅练习册所安排的问题）。 4．教师用投影仪打出以下 statements，要求学生判断其正误，并对错误的 statements进行修改。 1）Bu money is considered to be the earliest coin in the world．2）Coins may be of differ-ent sizes， weighs， shapes， but they are usually made of the same metal．3）The coins may have different designs on the two sides，on one of which you can usually find the head of a famous person．4）In the past people could find the name of the country，the value of the coin and the date on the coins．5）After coins were made，people also used seashells，rings，bam-boo sticks，wood and pieces of cloth for money．6）According to the passage，people can put different kinds of metal together to make coins．7）The writer of the passage wants to tell us that sometimes we may have some interesting stories that have been forgotten from the col-lections of the coins．8）The discovery of the pot containing 32000 Chinese metal coins in the ground of an old gold－mining town in northern Australia shows that at that time somebody might keep a kind of bank． Key：1）True．2）False．（Coins may be of different sizes，weights，shapes，and of differ-ent metals．3）True．4）False．（In the past，the date was not always pressed on the coins．）5）False．（Before coins appeared，seashells，rings，bamboo sticks，wood and pieces of cloth were all used for money．） 6）True．7）True．8）True． 5．要求学生反复阅读课文，并给出每段段落大意： Key for reference： 1st paragraph：The earliest coins in the world were used in China from about the year 650 BC and coins with holes were used for the next 2000 years． 2nd paragraph：Coins may be of different sizes，weights，shapes，metals and designs． 3rd paragraph：In the past many materials could be used as money and coins could be made of many different metals mixed together． 4th paragraph：Sometimes people discovered collections of coins that had been buried． 5th paragraph：These collections of coins sometimes tell a story that has been forgotten． 学生先在小组内交流并相互启发，然后教师组织学生给出每段段落大意， 并予以讲评。 6．布置作业 1）复述课文，对硬币的历史、发展和收藏进行介绍；2）完成 练习册中所安排的练习。 阅读理解课（Ⅱ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查学生课文朗读和复述。 2．准备阅读 Collecting stamps。教师给出读前提问： According to the passage，what should we do with the stamps that we decide not to keep？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：We can trade with other people using the stamps that we decide not to keep． 3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度： 1）If you want to start collecting stamps，what should you do at the beginning？2）What kind of envelope is worth keeping？ 3）According to the passage，if a person collects stamps，does he collect all the stamps all the time or does he collect a certain kind of stamp？Why？4）Why does the writer advise you to join a group？5）Where do you usually buy your stamps？6）The writer says that sooner or later you will find something unusual．What does that mean？ Key：1）Collect as many as one can at the beginning．2）If the envelope is unusual，one may keep it．Be sure to keep the envelope if it is the first date when that particular stamp is used．3）The passage says that sooner or later one will decide that he wants to collect a cer-tain kind of stamp．Because this will make the collecting more interesting．4）Because one may learn a lot about stamps and other people in the group may help you．And you’ll know which stamps other people are collecting and other people will start trading stamps with you．5）The passage advises people to go to stamp sales because one can often pick up packs of used stamps very cheaply．6）（Let the students discuss the answer．） Probably it means that one may find something valuable or something most unusual in his collection． 4．课堂活动： Ask the students to talk about the hobbies they have in groups and ex-change ideas on what they have learned from their hobbies so far， or what fun has been brought to themselves． 教师可重点听几位同学的介绍，最后可请几位同学在班上交流。 5．布置作业 1）复述课文，用英语向别人介绍集邮的要点；2）完成练习 册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并视学生情况，请同学造句，教师予以订正。 1）excuse n．／v． Please excuse me for opening your letter by mistake． The teacher excused the student for arriving late． There is no excuse for what you have done． 2）be of… The book is of no use to me now． Two of my brothers are of the same age；they are twins． The scientist’s invention is of great value． 3）trade n．／v． International trade is important to us all． The early settlers traded copper for corn． I refuse to trade with that company again． 4）afford Thanks to the success of the business，we can afford a new car this year． I’m too busy to afford time to see a film． The trees afford us a pleasant shade from the sun． In the old days，he couldn’t afford to send all his children to go to school． 5）common Pine trees are common in many parts of the world． People from different countries attended the conference and English was their common language． 6）look around I don’t want to buy anything．I am just looking around． Don’t make a hurried decision；look around well first． 7）be about to I was just about to leave when you telephoned． —Have you gone to bed yet？ —No，but I was just about to． 8）sooner or later If you don’t look after it carefully，sooner or later your car will fall to bits． If you cheat，you will be found out sooner or later． 9）add to Would you like to add anything to what I’ve said，Bill？ The music added to our enjoyment． If you add 5 to 5，you get 10． 3．书面表达练习 中文提示（用投影片打出）： 1）John和George是同龄好友，都集邮，兴 趣相同； 2）在假日去邮市转，或买，或交换；3）一天，一个小偷溜进房间， 偷了 John的所有邮票；4）George 认为有警察帮助 John可以拿回所丢邮票。 英文提示（用投影片打出）： in common；collection；collect；look round；pick up；afford；trade；add to；hide；what a shame；sooner or later 将首句给出：John and George are good friends．They are of the same age and they have many hobbies in common． 七八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 Model： John and George are good friends．They are of the same age and they have many hobbies in common．Both are interested in collecting stamps and both have a large collection of stamps．During their holidays，they like to visit stamp sales andlook round in the market and pick up some stamps they like and they can afford．Once in a while，they trade stamps with each other or with the people in the club．In this way， they can add more stamps to their collections． One day，a thief broke into John’s house and stole the stamps hidden under the bed．What a shame！But George thinks， with the help of the police， John will get his stamps back sooner or later． 4．布置作业 1）预习第 7单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1．I’ve been working so hard recently that I haven’t had any time for collecting new stamps．近来工作太忙了，我没有时间收集新的邮票。 在这个句子中，使用了现在完成进行时。其构成是由助动词 have（has） +been+现在分词构成。这个时态表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动 作。这个动作可能仍然在进行，也可能已经停止。例如： I’ve been sitting here all afternoon．我在这儿坐了一下午了。 How long has it been raining？雨下了多久了？（以上两句中，说话时动作可 能还在持续） We’ve just been talking about you．我们正说着你来着。（说话时动作刚刚 结束） 在本单元对话中的这个句子，说话人的 work so hard这一动作有可能还要 持续下去。 有些动词，如 work， study， live， teach等，使用现在完成时和现在完成 进行时的意思是差不多的。例如： They have lived there all their lives． They have been living there all their lives． 两句意思都是：他们一辈子都住在那里。 但在绝大多数情况下，这两个时态不宜换用。例如： I’ve been reading a novel．我一直在读小说。（还在读） I’ve read a novel．我读完了一本小说。（已完成） 2．Later，another type of coin was used with holes in it，and these were used for the next 2000 years， that is， from 221 BC until 1916．后来使用另外一种中 间有孔的硬币，这种硬币以后用了两千年，即从公元前 221年开始到 1916年为 止。 with holes in it是一个with的复合结构，由with＋n．+介词短语构成。它在 句中作定语，修饰前面的名词 coins，对其做补充说明。例如： There was a little stream， with beautiful flowers on both sides of it．有一条小 溪，两边开满了美丽的花朵。 On his way home he found a silver coin， with a man’s head on its face．在回 家的路上他发现了一枚银币，币上有一个人头像。 这种with的复合结构，还常用作方式状语，表示状态、境况等。例如： He is deep in thought，with his head in his hands．他陷入沉思，两手捧着头。 that is在句中作插入语，意为：这就是说，用来对上文补充说明。插入语的 前后通常用逗号同句子的其他部分分开。例如： He is a good student；that is，he gets good grades in school．他是个好学生， 也就是说，他在学校成绩很好。 3．The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200000 silver pennies，all of them over 600 years old．在英格兰发现的最大一堆硬币是 20万枚 银制的便士，它们全都是 600多年前制作的。 这是一个含有独立结构的句子，又称独立主格结构，在句中作状语。本句中 all of them over 600 years old即是独立结构，由名词（或代词）+介词短语构成。 这类结构和一个从句差不多，前面的名词（或代词）相当于从句的主语（如本 句中的 all of them）；后面部分相当于从句中的谓语或表语。在译为汉语时或是 将其译为一个状语，或是译成一个并列的句子。这种结构常用在书面语中。例如 After killing the Japanese guard，the two men ran away， rifle in hand．杀死 了那个日本卫兵之后，两个人提着枪跑了。 除名词（或代词）+介词短语可构成独立结构外，还可有以下几种常见形式： 名词（或代词）+分词： He lay on his back，his hands crossed under his head．他脸朝天头枕着双手躺 着。 The storm having destroyed their hut， they had to live in a cave．暴雨把房子 冲坏，他们只好住在一个窑洞里。 名词（或代词）+形容词： He entered the room，his nose red with cold．他走进房间，鼻子冻得通红。 名词（或代词）+不定式： Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month．这是头 两卷，第三卷下月出书。 名词（或代词）+副词： He put on his socks wrong side out．他袜子穿反了。 4．It is possible that one of them kept a bank where the workers could keep their money safe．其中有一个人可能开了一种钱庄，工人们可以把钱安全地存放在那 里。 这是一个含有主语从句的复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。其结构为：It is＋adj．＋that clause（从句）。例如： It is necessary that every student practises speaking English whenever possible． 每个学生尽可能地练习说英语是必要的。 keep the money safe意为：使钱存放安全。这里的 keep是及物动词，后面接 带形容词的复合结构。例如： You should keep your room clean and tidy．你应当使房间保持整洁。 It is not good to keep children busy with their studies all day．让孩子们整天忙 于功课是不好的。 keep后还可以接带分词、介词短语及副词的复合结构。例如： 1）The manager has kept the visitor waiting one and a half hours．经理已经让 来访者等了一个半小时了。（含有现在分词的复合结构） 2） He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was．他闭着眼睛，呆在那里不 动。（含有过去分词的复合结构） 3）He promised to try his best to keep his things in order．他答应要尽力使自 己的东西有序。（含有介词短语的复合结构） 4） Keep your coat on if you feel cold．如果你感觉冷就把大衣穿着。（含有 副词的复合结构） 5．Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford．到邮票销售点去，把 你能够买得起的邮票买下来。 whatever是连接代词，意为：凡是……的；所……的东西，可以理解为： anything that，用来引导主语从句或宾语从句等。本句中 whatever you can afford 即是及物动词 buy的宾语。再如： I will do whatever you wish．=I will do anything that you wish．我将做你所希 望的任何事情。（宾语从句） Whatever I have is yours．=Anything that I have is yours．我所有的东西全都 是你的。（主语从句） 此外， whatever还可作“无论什么”解（即：no matter what），用来引导 表示让步的状语从句。例如： Whatever you do， do your best．（=No matter what you do，do your best．）无论你干什么，总要尽最大努力。