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Unit 13 Abraham Lincoln 一、教学目标与要求 通过本单元教学，使学生较为熟练的掌握表示个人看法的常用语句，并在 日常交际中予以正确运用。学习由关系副词where，when引导的定语从句，并掌 握这部分语法内容。通过对课文的学习，了解美国前总统亚伯拉罕·林肯的生平， 并用自己的语言来描述这位前总统一生的某个片段。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 fight；consider；slavery；freedom；set… free；no more than； in all；ofone’s own；break away from；break out；join up；consider… as…； call for 2．重要句型 1）The owners of slaves made them work very hard on their farms．2）When she saw that Abraham liked reading，she did all she could to help him．3）The peoplehad considered him to be a great leader，and a wise，kind and honest man． 3．语法学习 由关系副词where，when等引导的定语从句：1）He helped his father onthe small farm where they lived．2）This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA．3）I’ll never forget the day when we were set free．4）The place where my father worked wasnine kilometers away．5）But the Southern states wanted to set up a country of their own，where they would be free to keep black slaves． 4．日常交际用语 发表意见（Making comments）：1）That sounds interesting．2）What’s your answer to that？3）I will give you an honest answer．4）I agree that the farmersmight have some problems．But the freedom of all people in the world is more importantthan that． 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师通过以下步骤导入本课：向学生提出下列问题：1）Do you know that many yearsago in America，there were a lot of slaves？2）Do you know where these slaves came from？And who knows how they came to America？3）Do you know what life they were living？4）Do you know who let the slaves become free men？ 要求学生两人一组，就课本第 49页所提供的 Picture puzzle，找出描写每幅 图片的正确语句。一、两分钟后，进行核对。 2．准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：1）What are they talking about，anew play，a new book，or a new movie？2）What did the slave owners want to do？ 放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：1）They were talking about a new movie．2）The slave owners wanted to keepslaves． 根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，检查学生的理解程度。 1）Can you tell me what“Fight for freedom”is and what it is about？2）From the dia-logue can you find in which part of America black slaves were kept and when was that？3）Why do you think that the second person knows so much about the slaves in America？ 3．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后， 请两、三组同学到前面表演。 4．要求学生将该课对话改写为一篇短文。教师可给予必要的提示。 提示语：1）the movie is on this week；2）the fight of black slaves；3）read about it inthe newspaper；4）the movie was about Abraham Lincoln 将首句给出：The movie“Fight for Freedom”is on at the cinema this week． 要求学生根据对话，参照老师所给提示及首句，编写短文。 Model： The movie“Fight for Freedom”is on at the cinema this week．Li Lei told me that it wasabout the fight of black slaves for freedom and the story happened about 130 years ago．When I asked him how he knew so much about it，he told me that he had read about it in thenewspaper．He also said that the movie was about the man who wanted to end the slavery-———Abraham Lincoln． 当堂要求学生完成，如时间允许，可请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予 以讲评。 5．布置作业 1）预习第 50课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．教师通过以下提问导入正课：1）What do you already know about Abraham Lincoln？2）What do you expect to learn more about Abraham Lincoln from this passage？ 可将学生对这两个问题的多种应答板书在黑板上。同时也能复习大量的词语 3．教师给出读前提问：1）What did Abraham Lincoln like very much when he was achild？2）How long did the American Civil War last？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文。之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）He liked reading very much when he was a child．2）The American Civil Warlasted four years． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度． 1）When and where was Abraham Lincoln born？2）What did he used to do when he wasa child？3）Could you explain why he had to do that as a child？ 4）Was Lincoln’s stepmotherkind to him？How do you know？5）How long did he stay at school？Why do you think thathe spent very little time at school？ 6）Where did he work as a young man？7）How did he be-come a lawyer？ 8）What did he work for in all his political life？9）When did Lincoln becomePresident of the United States？10）Why did the American Civil War break out？11）Whowon the war and what happened after the war ended？12）Why was Abraham Lincoln killedat the end of the war？13）Why was the whole country very sad at the news of his death？ Key：1）Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky，on February 12th，1809．2）He usedto work very hard and help his father on the small farm．3）Because his family was very poorand his mother died when he was young．4）Yes，she was．Because she did all she could tohelp him though the family was poor．5）He stayed at school for no more than a year．6）Firsthe worked in a store and then he worked in a post office as a young man．7）He studied lawin his spare time and later became a lawyer．8）He worked hard to build a free state for all thepeople in all his political life．9）In 1860 Lincoln became President of the United States．10）The Southern states wanted to keep slaves and set up a country of their own so that theycould break away from the Union．That’s why the American Civil War broke out．11）TheNorth won，Northern and Southern states joined up again as one country and the slaves wereset free．12）Because the slave owners in the south hated Lincoln very much．13）Becausethey had lost a great leader，and a wise，kind and honest man． 可在教师的指导下，学生将各题答案用连词连接起来，组成一篇短文，复 述这篇故事。 5．要求学生根据下面的时间表，简单描写林肯的经历。 Say something about what happened in：1809，1818，1860，1864，1865 （答案略） 6．布置作业 1）复述课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常见词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评订正。 词语：make somebody do something；fight against；set free；sound；used to do some-thing；no more than；in all；be against；set up；break out；break away from；be consideredas；as… as possible；beat… to death；join up；call for；of one’s own 例句：1）The boss made the workers work long hours very often．2）The Red Army sol-diers fought against the enemy bravely．3）The story is about how the slaves were set free ona farm in one of the Southern States．4）What he has said sounds very strange．5）He usedto smoke a lot．6）Take it easy．What he said is no more than a joke．7）Many people saidthat they would come to her birthday party，but in fact there were only thirteen in all．8）Isthere anyone who is against the plan？9）He set up a new world record in 100-metre race．10）The Second World War broke out in September 1939．11）He broke away from his familyand went to join the Red Army．12）He is considered as the best doctor in the area．13）Tryto use as many new words and expressions in your composition as possible．14）The newspa-per said that the child was beaten to death．15）He quickly joined the wires up．16）Peoplein the North called for the freedom of all the slaves while farmers in the South wanted tokeep slaves．17）Students have too much homework to do these days．They really shouldhave some time of their own． 3．书面表达练习 中文提示（用投影片打出）：1）小时在农场工作；2）农场主强迫他一天 干 14小时；3）战争爆发；4）参军；5）才 16岁；6）作战勇敢，7）被视为英 雄。 英文提示（用投影片打出）：make sb．do sth；used to do；break out；fight against；nomore than；be considered as 将首句给出：When he was young，he worked on a farm． 数分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 Model： When he was young，he worked on a farm．The owner of the farm made him do every-thing for his family and the poor boy used to work fourteen hours a day．Then the war brokeout，and he left the farm and joined the army．He fought bravely against the enemy．At thattime he was no more than 16 years old．He was considered as a little hero by the army men． 4．其他练习 教师可将全班分为若干个小组，每个小组分别扮演下面其中一个角色，从 不同角度复述课文。 Retell the story of Abraham Lincoln in the following roles： 1．Suppose you are Lincoln’s father，say sth．about Abraham when he was a child． 2．Suppose you are a slave，say sth．about your life as a slave and how you felt afteryou were set free． 3．Suppose you are a story-teller，say sth．about Lincoln’s political life． Model：Role 1 Lincoln’s father I am a poor farmer in Kentucky．My son，Abraham was born on February 12th，1809． At that time we were very poor．When Abraham was very young，he had to help me onour small farm．His mother died when he was only nine years old．Then，I had a secondwife，and she was very kind to little Abraham．She knew he liked reading，so she did every-thing she could to help him．Little Abraham wanted to go to school very much．We tried ourbest to send him to school．But we were so poor that he had to leave school soon and workon the farm． Role 2 A slave I used to be a slave and I worked on a farm for the slave owner．At that time we slaveswere bought and sold like animals and the owners of the farms made us work from morningtill night．We were not treated like human beings．We were treated like animals． We did not have any freedom and very often many of the slaves were beaten to death． The Civil War broke out and in the end the North won．All the blacks were finally setfree．How happy we were！But our president was shot on April 14，1895．We were all verysad at the news． Role 3 A story-teller When Abraham Lincoln was young，he was interested in politics．At that time therewere still slaves in the USA．Lincoln was against slavery and he wanted freedom for allslaves． In 1860，Lincoln became President of the United States．He worked still harder for thefreedom of the slaves．But the Southern states wanted to break away from the Union andthey wanted to be free to keep black slaves．Fighting broke out between the North and theSouth and that was the American Civil War．In the end the North won．Northern and South-ern states joined up again as one country and all slaves were set free． 假设你是 Tom Grade这位记者，以第一人称口吻，写一篇采访林肯的报告。 Model： I am Tom Grade，a reporter for a newspaper．Yesterday I raised some questions to thepresident．The following is about our interview． First I asked him what he was going to do when so many people were calling for freedomfor all salves．He told me that he was fighting for an end to slavery and for the freedom of allslaves．When I ashed him whether he had thought about the farmers in the South，he saidthat the farmers there might have some problems without slaves，but the freedom of all peo-ple in the world was more important． 5．布置作业 1）预习第 14单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1．In the end all slaves were set free．所有的奴隶最终全部被释放。 in the end作“最后、终于”解，相当于 finally，at last。例如： I hope everything will be all right in the end．我希望最后一切都会好起来。 He did the experiment many times but failed in the end．他做了多次实验，但 最后还是失败了。 set free是动词短语，表示“释放、放出”。例如： The slave owners didn’t agree to set their slaves free．奴隶主不同意释放他 们的奴隶。 Great power is set free when water is boiled．水煮沸时会释放出巨大的能量。 2．He spent very little time at school，perhaps no more than a year in all．他在 学校读书的时间很短，可能总共还不到一年。 no more than作“仅仅、不过是”解。例如： I had no more than 2 yuan in my pocket．我口袋里只有两元。 He looked like a professor，but in fact he was no more than a college student． 他看上去像个教授，但事实上他只不过是个大学生。 in all作“总共”解。例如： In our school there are eight English teachers in all．我们学校总共有八位英语 教师。 3．Then he worked still harder for the freedom of the slaves．此后，他为奴隶 的自由而更加辛勤地工作。 still和形容词或副词的比较级连用时，作“更加、越发”解。例如： He is fat，but his elder brother is still fatter．他很胖，他的哥哥更胖些。 still作此解时，和 even同义，It was cold yesterday，but it is still/even colder today．昨天很冷，今天更冷。 4．The whole country was very sad at the news of his death．听到他去世的消 息，全国人民都很悲痛。 介词 at同某些形容词或分词（如 angry，delighted，glad，happy，sad，surprised等）连用，表示引起某种情绪的 原因，可译作“对于、由于”。例如： She felt glad at what he had said．对于他所讲的那番话，她感到高兴。 He was very angry at losing the chance．由于失去这个机会，他非常生气。 5．The people had considered him to be a great leader and a wise，kind and honest man．人们一直把他看作是一位伟大的领袖，一个英明、慈祥而正直的人。 consider作“认为”解，后跟不定式的复合结构，既 consider sb．/sth．to be（认为某人/某事是……），与 regard sb．sth．as同义。例如： You can’t consider him to be an honest man．你不能认为他是一个老实人。 We considered the work to be very important．我们认为这项工作非常重要。 6．由关系副词when和where引导的定语从句。 当定语从句所修饰的先行词在定语从句中分别作时间状语或地点状语时， 应该用关系副词when和where引导的定语从句。例如： This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA．那是一个美国还有奴 隶的时代。 He helped his father on the small farm where they lived．他帮父亲在他们居住 的那个小农场干活。