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Unit 13 Albert Einstein 一、教学目标与要求 通过本单元教学，学生能运用所学语言，介绍伟大的科学家爱因斯坦的生 平及他一生对人类所做出的巨大贡献。学生在理解课文的基础上，用较为流利的 英语简述爱因斯坦一生中的重大活动和他追求真理、坚持真理的科学态度，从而 学习爱因斯坦的伟大的科学精神；通过对话课的学习与操练，学生进一步熟悉 有关辨别人物、谈论人物的常用语句；学习并初步运用主语从句；正确完成练习 册安排的练习。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 scientific；content；discovery；worldwide；prove；stick； respect；ad-vance；advanced；course；be content with；go on with；lead to； take sides in；human right；work out；stick to；further education 2．重要句型 1）It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killings．2）Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist．3）But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun．4）He could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved． 3．语法主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）1）What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world．2）It appeared to scientists that the stars had moved．3）Whether the other scientists would accept his ideas was unknown．4）How they went to the USA remained a question．5）It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time． 4．日常交际用语 辨别人物（Identifying people）1）Is it Abraham Lincoln？ 2）Who？3）The American president who fought for the freedom of slaves in the USA．4）No，it’s not him．5）That fits the puzzle！It must be him！ 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪、一些难易程度适当的 word puzzle。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师可通过下面这些话导入正课：Hello，everybody！You look so energetic and healthy after the winter vacation．I am very pleased to see you here again．Now tell me something about your life in the winter holidays．Where did you spend your Spring Festival？What did you do at Spring Festival？Anybody has been to the Temple Fairs？Did you play any games at the Temple Fairs besides enjoying the local delicacies（风味小吃）？Today I have prepared some games for you．Would you like to do the games？ 教师将事先备好的word puzzle发给学生。数分钟后核对，并引出本课对话： Now you see，this kind of word puzzle is very interesting and many young people，not only Chinese students but foreign students as well，enjoy doing it．Here we have some American students，and they are doing a word puzzle．Let’s listen to the dialogue and find out what kind of word puzzle they are doing． 2．准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：1）What are the four American stu-dents doing？2）How many famous people are mentioned in the dialogue？Can you remember who they are？ 放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：1）They are comparing notes on famous people．2）Four famous people are men-tioned in the dialogue．They are Abraham Lincoln，Karl Marx，Alexander Bell and Albert Einstein． 3．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。经数分钟练 习后，教师可请几组同学到前面进行表演，并予以讲评。 教师指导学生归纳本课中有关辨别人物（Identifying people）的常用语句 （见日常交际用语部分）。 4．要求学生根据对话中所提供的有限信息，简单介绍这四位名人。学生可 以独立归纳，也可以两三个人一组，相至补充。数分钟后，教师请几位同学用自 己组织的语言对这四位名人进行介绍，并予以讲评。 Model：（注） 1）Abraham Lincoln：He was the American president who fought for the freedom of slaves in the USA． 2）Karl Marx：He wrote books about communism and he said that all communists should help each other． 3）Alexander Bell：He made the first telephone． 4）Albert Einstein：He was a famous professor of physics．He was born in Germany and spent the last part of his life in the USA．We will learn more about this great scientist in this unit． 5．组织学生做本课的第二部分Guessing game。 6．布置作业 1）预习第 50课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （注）这些内容仅限于本课对话中所提供的有限信息。教师可鼓励学生根据 自己所获得的相关知识，进行适当发挥。 （二）阅读理解课（Ⅰ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．向学生提出以下问题：1）I understand that many of you are interested in physics．Do you know the famous scientist Albert Einstein？2）Is there anybody who can tell a short sto-ry about him？3）What do you expect to learn from the text about Albert Einstein？ 准备阅读课文，教师给出读前提问：1）When and where was Einstein born？2）In which year did he take American nationality？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）Einstein was born in Germany on March 14th，1879．2）He took American na-tionality in the year 1940． 3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度（可参阅练习册中列出的问题）。 4．给学生数分钟时间，完成课文后相关练习，教师予以订正。 5．教师用投影仪打出以下 statements，要求学生判断其正误，并对错误的 statements进行修改。 1）Albert Einstein was curious about everything around him when he was young．2）He had learned everything all by himself．3）He did not like to go to school and he found it hard to get along with others．4）The period between 1905 and 1915 was a very important one for Einstein，for he received higher education at university．5）Einstein cared little for money．6）Once somebody saw him using a bank note as a bookmark．7）Einstein also spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress．8）Enstein loved music very much． Key：1）True．2）False．（He had learned maths all by himself．）3）True．4）False．（The period between 1905 and 1915 was a very important one for Einstein，because he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics．）5）True．6）False．（Once somebody saw him using a cheque for＄1500 as a bookmark．）7）True．8）True． 学生先在小组内交流并相互启发、补充，然后请学生在班上交流。 6．布置作业 1）复述课文，介绍伟大的科学家爱因斯坦的生平；2）完成 练习册中所安排的练习。 阅读理解课（Ⅱ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查学生课文朗读和复述。 2．准都阅读课文第二部分。教师给出读前提问：1）How many people could understand Einstein’s discovery at that time？2）When did Einstein and his family leave Europe for the USA？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）It was said that only three people could understand Einstein’s discovery at that time．2）Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in the year 1933． 3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度：1）What did scientists believe before Einstein？2）What did Einstein prove？3）What did he work out？4）How did Einstein become world-famous？ 5）What brought him great sadness？6）Why didn’t he have to join the army？ 7）What did he want to see？8）Why did he find it impossible to continue living in Germany？ Key：1）Scientists believed that light travelled through space in a straight line before E-instein．2）Einstein proved that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun．3）He worked out just how much the light would be bent and how far the stars would appear to have moved．4）At first many of the scientists did not accept his scientific ideas．Yet by 1919 scientists who had been watching the stars supported his work and he quickly became world-famous．5）The First World War brought him great sadness．6）Einstein had taken Swiss nationality and therefore did not have to join the army since Switzerland did not take sides in the war．7）He wanted to see an end to all the armies of the world．8）When Germany was ruled by Hitler in the early 1930s，Einstein，who was a Jew，found it impossible to con- tinue living in Germany． 4．讨论题：1）Why do you think that many of the scientists would not accept Einstein’s discovery at that time？2）Why do you think that Einstein would just stick to his opinion and never give up？What can you learn from Einstein？ 学生先在小组内讨论，每个小组可重点讨论其中一个题目。数分钟后，学生 在班上交流。教师不必规定答案，鼓励学生都积极发表自己的看法。 Key for reference：1）First，what Einstein had discovered was completely new，and sci-entists at that time had been used to the theory that light travels in a straight line．They could not understand how Einstein had proved his discovery．2）Einstein had proved that light coming from the sun was bent as it passed the stars by working very hard，by doing a lot of research．He himself had worked out just how much the light would be bent and how far the stars would appear to have moved．He believed that what he had done was based on scientific research and he could prove that．So he stuck to his opinion．We should learn from his scientific attitude． 5．布置作业 1）将两课内容结合，介绍伟大的科学家爱因斯坦的生平； 2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评、订正。 1）be content with You should be content with what you have． Farmers are very content with their life at present． He was very content to have this second-hand car． 2）lead to Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness． The test is bad because it leads to incorrect learning． This idea in teaching might lead to a new method． 3）prove In order to prove the servant’s honesty she left a bag containing some money on the table． On the long journey he proved himself to be an amusing company． Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies． 4）work out We must work out a better method of saving paper． Mary worked out a beautiful design for a sweater． He settled down at the desk to work out the difficult maths problem． 5）stick to If you stick to the truth，you have nothing to fear． I stick to what I said yesterday． He never sticks to anything for very long． 6）respect n．/v． Children are taught to respect their parents and teachers． You should always show respect to old age． If you don’t respect yourself，how can you expect others to respect you？ 7）take sides（in/with） Switzerland refused to take sides in the two World Wars． Everybody in the office takes sides in the argument． Despite my friendship with Frank，I tried not to take sides with him in his argument with his brother． 8）advance v．/advanced adj． I signed him to keep away，but he continued to advance． He was considered as an advanced worker． May I advance my opinion on the matter？ He read widely among the most advanced thinkers of his age． 3．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，学生利用课文中所提供的信息填写表格， 从而介绍伟大的科学家爱因斯坦的生平及他一生对人类所做出的巨大贡献。（表 见下页） 七八分钟后，请几位同学根据所填写内容讲述，教师予以讲评。鼓励学生将 自己整理的内容连成短文。 4．布置作业 1）预习第 14单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 Say something about the great scientist Albert Einstein by filling up the form： （斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示） 四、难句分析 1．All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone，although he married twice and had lots of close friends．虽然他结过两次婚， 也有许多亲密的朋友，但是在他整个一生中，他愿意单独度过他的大部分时间。 content在句中是形容词，意为：高兴；心满意足。可构成 be content to do sth．或 be con-tent with sth。例如： He is never content with small success．他从不对微不足道的成功表示出满足。 After Mr Black retired，he was content to live in the country．布莱克先生退休 后，心满意足地住在乡下。 content还可用作及物动词，意为：使……满足。例如： A quiet life and beautiful music contented Einstein．安静的生活和美妙的音乐 使爱因斯坦十分满足。 2．The period between 1905 and 1915 was an important one for Einstein；he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics．1905年 到 1915年的这段时间，对爱因斯坦来说是一个重要的时期，他开始进行了使他 在物理学方面获得新发现的研究工作。 lead to意为：引起；造成；导致。其中 to是介词，后面接名词、代词或-ing 形式。例如： Different opinions among young people can sometimes lead to arguments．有时， 年轻人往往因不同观点引起争论。 3．It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killings．据说，他在音乐中找到了平静，这种平静在一个充满战 争与杀戮的世界上是没有的。 It is/was said＋that clause是一种常见的结构，意为：据说……，意思相当 于 People say/said＋that clause。 在 he found in music the peace中，表示地点的状语 in music前置，放在动词 found与宾语 the peace之间，主要是为了使句子结构更紧凑，并使which was missing in a world…这一定语从句能紧跟着它所修饰的先行词 the peace。 full of意为：充满。在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词world。再如： People full of energy are fit for the job．精力充沛的人才适合干这项工作。 4．Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist．爱因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴的人，一位 20世纪最伟大的科 学家。 句中 such作代词，当 such作代词时，多作主语，指上面说的情况。谓语动 词根据情况采用单数或复数形式。例如： Such was the situation we were facing．这就是我们所面对的形势。 Such were his words！这就是他所说的话。 5．He worked out just how much the light would be bent；he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved．他计算出了光线将会弯曲的程 度；他还能把恒星看上去移动了的距离也计算出来。 短语动词work out表示“算出；解（题）；估计出；制定；想出；理解； 弄懂”等意义。例如： The maths problem is so difficult that nobody in our class can work it out．这道 数学题太难，我们班上没人算得出。 The area can easily be worked out if you know the length and breadth．如果你 知道其长度和宽度，这块地方的面积很快就能估计出来。 We must work out our plan as soon as possible．我们必须尽快制定我们的计 划。 Tell me where you are going and I’ll work out the nearest route．告诉我你去 哪儿，我给你想出最近的路线。 I can’t work out the meaning of this poem．我弄不懂这首诗的意思。 Nobody can work out how the fire started．没人能搞清楚这场火是怎么着起 来的。 6．But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research．但是爱因 斯担坚持他的意见，继续不断地进行他的研究。 短语动词 stick to作“坚持（意见、看法、真理等）”解，有“执意不改变” （refuse to change）的含义。stick to中的 to是介词，后跟名词或代词。例如： No matter what you say，I shall stick to my plan．不管你说什么，我会坚持 我的计划。 If you stick to the truth，you have nothing to fear．如果你坚持真理，则没有 什么可害怕的。 I stick to what Isaid yesterday．我坚持我昨天所说过的话。 stick to还表示“坚持干某事”；“忠于；保持好关系”等。例如： No matter what happens，Fred always sticks to his friends．无论发生什么事， 弗雷德都忠于朋友。 I’ll stick to you through thick and thin．我将和你同甘苦，共患难。