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Unit 9 Saving the earth 一、教学目标与要求 通过本单元学习，学生了解地球当今所面临的重大污染问题。如对空气、水 的污染现状和造成的严重后果；了解人类活动对我们周围环境造成的破坏，以 及对动物生存造成的极大威胁，使学生能更好地树立环保意识。学生能用英语描 述以上内容，并通过讨论，得出自己的看法和人类应采取的措施。使英语学习和 语言能力的提高与增强环保意识结合起来；通过对话课的学习与操练，学生复 习有关表示同意和假设的用语；学习并初步掌握过去分词作定语和表语的用法； 正确完成练习册安排的练习。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 damage； pollute； pollution； cause；sight；present； pour； living； proba－bly；separately；unclear waste；be fit for；hear about ； turn…to…；time and time again；lose one’s sight；so that； die out；go off； point to； to one’s joy 2．重要句型 1） It is said that 125 000 people died in Russia as a result of illnesses caused by this accident． 2） Oceans are able to clean themselves， but certain seas， once they become dirty， are not able to do so． 3）There are many reasons for animals dying out，but the most important one is the part that humans have played． 3．语法 过去分词作定语和表语（ The Past Participle as Predicative and Attribute）1） Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death． 2） One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle． 3） Another problem is that good soil is gradually lost．4） One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted． 4．日常交际用语 同意和假设（Agreement and supposition） 1）It’s a good idea to hold such conferences． 2） Yes． If we go on polluting the world，it won’t be fit for us to live in．3） I agree with you． We’ve got to do something about the pollution． It’s getting worse．4）Yes， it certainly is． If people don’t stop polluting the seas and rivers， there will be no fish left．5）That’s quite true． 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师通过向学生提出下列问题导入本课： Do you think the world is facing a lot of problems？ If you do， please think about these problems．What are they？ 由学生讨论以上问题，引出有关防止污染、保护地球的话题。 2．准备放对话录音。借助授影片打出以下听前提问： 1） What was the conference about？2） What did Jackie do at the meeting？ 放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：1） The conference was about the damage that is being caused to the world． 2） Jack－ie listened to some lectures about pollution and so on at the meeting． 根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，检查学生的理解程度（可参阅 练习册所列内容）。 3．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后， 请两三组同学到前面表演。 教师指导学生归纳本课中有关同意和假设（ Agreement and supposition）的 常用语句（见日常交际用语部分）。 组织学生两人一组，练习书上 Practice中所安排的练习。 4．要求学生将本课对话改写为一篇短文，描述 Jackie参加会议所涉及的内 容。教师可给予必要的提示。 提示语（用投影仪打出）：1） What conference did Jackie attend？ 2） What was it about？3）What did they do at the beginning？4）What opinion did Jackie have after attending the conference？ 5） Say something about the talk on the increase in the world’s population． 将首句给出：Jackie is talking to Yang Pei about a conference he has just been to． 要求学生根据对话，参照老师所给的提示及首句编写短文，当堂要求学生 完成。数分钟后，请几住同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 Model： Jackie is talking to Yang Pei about a conference he has just been to． The conference was called“Saving the earth”． It was all about the damage that is being caused to the world．Jackie and the other people listened to some lectures about pollution， agriculture， nuclear waste， radiation and so on． Jackie believes that if people go on polluting the world， it won’t be fit for man to live in．They also had a talk about the increase in the world’s population．Jackie learns that if the population keeps growing so quickly， there will only be standing room left for man next century． 5．布置作业 1）预习第 34课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课（Ⅰ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪、数张有关环境污染的图片或照片。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．教师通过以下提问导入正课： What kind of pollution can you think of？ 出示准备好的图片或照片，启发同学讨论。 3．准都阅读课文。教师给出读前提问： 1） Why are trees very important？ 2） What is the cause of water pollution？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1）Because trees can hold the soil in place on the hillside．2）Waste from factories and cities is the cause of water pollution． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师用投影仪打出以下 statements，要 求学生判断其正误，并对错误的 statements进行修改。 1） The passage points out that many parts of the world with large populations and plen－ty of crops have become deserts． 2） Land may become poor if farmers do not limit the num－bers of their cattle． 3） Good soil is gradually lost these days as trees are being cut down．4） Air pollution and water pollution are the two causes of the problem that many parts of the world have become deserts． 5） Chemicals in the smoke from power stations can travel hun－dreds of miles in the wind before falling down to the ground in the rain． However， the rain will not do any harm to man． 6） After a bad accident at a nuclear power station， 50％ of the trees in Germany were damaged．7）The examples of the accidents in both India and Russia are used by the writer to explain how water is polluted． 8） Once oceans are polluted， they are not able to clean themselves． Key：1）True．2）True．3）True．4）False．（Too many cattle and too much good soil being lost are the two causes of the problem that many parts of the world have become deserts．） 5） False．（The chemical rain can destroy trees in the forests and kill fish in the lakes．）6）False．（These trees were damaged by the chemical rain．）7）False．（These two examples are used to explain how air is polluted．） 8） False．（Oceans are able to clean them－selves．） 5．课堂活动 组织学生两人一组相互交流。在学习本课课文之后，对什么是 污染，污染所造成的危害，我们应采取的措施等发表看法，然后请学生在班上 交流。 Work in pairs；exchange ideas on：1）What is pollution？2）The damage of various kinds of pollution．3） What steps should people take？ 4） What can we do about it？ 6．布置作业 1）复述课文，讲述地球当今所面临的重大污染问题；2）完 成练习册中所安排的练习。 阅读理解课（Ⅱ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．通过提问温习第 34课内容： 1）Is the area of desert growing every year？ Why？ 2）What can be done to stop land from turning into desert？ 3） What are the causes of air pollu－tion？ 4） What had happened in Germany by 1986？ 5）How many people died as a result of a bad accident at a nuclear power station in Russia？6） How many people were killed as a result of a serious accident at a factory in India？ 7） What happened to an oil tanker off the north－west coast of Alaska and what was the result？ 2．检查课文复述。 3．准都阅读第 35课，教师给出读前提问： 1） How many kinds of living things are there on the earth？ 2） Why are many animals dying out？ 教师给学生两分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key： 1） There are five to ten million kinds of living things on the earth． 2） There are many reasons for animals dying out， but the most important one has something to do with human being． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师提出以下问题，要求学生根据课 文内容回答：1） What happened three billion years ago？ 2） Why do we say that many living things are dy－ing out？Please explain．3）What happened between the years 1550 and 1950？4）What about by the year 1985？5）What may happen between 1980 and 2000？ 5．组织学生根据课文所提供的信息，讨论许多动物濒临灭绝的原因，教师 给予必要提示。Reasons for animals dying out： 1）killed for food 2） animals’ homes destroyed（e．g．dry lands… wet lands…forests… etc．） 3） Much land has either been changed to farmland or used for building． 4）polluted rivers and lakes 根据提示，要求学生用自己组织的语言，描述许多动物濒临灭绝的原因。数 分钟后，在班上交流，教师予以讲评。 6．教师用投影片打出以下问题，要求学生带着问题阅读 A day in the forest 这篇短文。数分钟后，请几位同学回答，教师予以订正。 1） What was the purpose of the trip of the students to the forest？ 2） What were the stu-dents given when they arrived and what did they have to do with them？ 3）What did the monitor and the writer decide to find in the forest？ 4） Why did they put some water into a bottle after lunch？ 5） What was Sun Yao doing when his classmates found him？ 6） Why were the students excited？ Key： 1） The purpose of the trip was to record all the wildlife and plants that the stu－dents could find in the forest． 2） They were given printed question papers and they had to fill in the answers in their notebooks． 3） They decided to find a plant that had recently been dis－covered． 4） They put some water into a bottle after lunch in order to test if the water was polluted． 5） Sun Yao was busy measuring a plant and taking photographs of it． 6） They were excited because they had discovered the plant they were looking for． 7．布置作业 1）将两课内容结合，描述人类活动对我们周围环境造成的破 坏；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评、订正。 1） damage n．／v． The earthquake caused great damage to the city． The bridge was badly damaged by the flood． Soft wood damages easily． 2） pollute／pollution Many rivers and lakes have been polluted by industrial waste． The new law will reduce pollution of the air． 3） fit／be fit for The dress fitted her perfectly． You look very fit，Mike． He is not fit to be a member of this club． It would be months before he was fit for the job． 4） cause n．／v． What was the cause of these misunderstandings？ What caused to changed his mind？ Do you think this will cause a lot of trouble？ 5）pour I poured the milk from the bottle into the cups． It was pouring all night． 6）die out This kind of bird is dying out． Tigers would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished． 7）separately／separate The headmaster wished to see the boys separately． Are they joined together or separate？ Those are separate problems and cannot be handled in the same manner． The river Tweed separates England and Scotland． 8） so that Speak clearly so that they may understand you． He looked down so that she should not see his eyes． 3．书面表达练习 中文提示（用投影片打出）：高二（5）班分两组搞社会调查（social survey）。第一组来到一个村庄，那里办了一个小化工厂，但没注意环境 （environment）保护，环境遭到破坏，村民没有富起来，不少人还得了病。另一 组来到一个很远的山村，那里也办了一个小工厂，但几乎没有污染。村民们种了 很多树，想了很多办法，这里空气清新，水也干净。同学们回来后，一致认为污 染必须得到治理。 英文提示（用投影片打出）：separate；chemical；damage；polluted； pollution；protect；area 将首句给出：The students of Class 5， Senior Grade 2 were divided into two separate groups to have their social survey． 七八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 One possible version： The students of Class 5， Senior Grade 2 were divided into two separate groups to have their social survey． One group came to a village where there was a small chemical factory．The villagers did not pay enough attention to environmental protection， and a lot of damage had been done to their environment． They did not become rich． And what was worse， many of them had become sick because of the polluted air and water． Another group came to a mountain village which was far away． There they found the villagers also had their small fac－tories． But there was hardly any pollution in that area． The villagers had planted lots of trees and they had done everything they could to protect the environment． 4．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，组织学生两人一组，利用课文中所提供的 信息，根据要求逐一填写。 Say something about the damage that is caused to the world by pollution， using the infor-mation from the reading comprehension． Try to present possible ways to help solve the prob－lems． （斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示） 七八分钟后，请同学在班上交流，教师予以讲评，并鼓励学生将自己整理 的内容连成短文。 5．布置作业 1）预习第 10单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1． It was called“Saving the earth” and it was all about the damage that is being caused to the world．它（指会议）被称为“拯救地球”大会，讨论有关对 世界造成的破坏的问题。 that is being caused to the world是定语从句，修饰先行词 damage。从句使用 了现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为：am／is／are＋being＋v．（过去分词）。 例如： There is something wrong with the piano． And it is now being repaired by a friend of my father’s．钢琴出了点毛病，现在正被我父亲的一个朋友修理。 The lecture that is being given by Dr． White is about ways of giving first aid． 怀特医生正在做的演讲是有关施行急救的方法问题。 2．If the population keeps growing so quickly， there will only be standing room left for us next century．如果人口不断迅速增长，那么到下个世纪，我们将 只有立足之地了。 句中的 keep是及物动词，后面可接-ing形式，构成 keep doing sth．的结构， 意为：继续做某事。例如： Why does she keep crying？为什么她总是在哭？ He kept working till midnight though he was very tired．虽然他累了，他还是 连续工作到半夜。 keep on后也可接-ing形式，其意思与 keep doing相同，但在意思上重强调 重复性和决心，有时可至换。例如： He keeps on phoning me， and I really don’t want to talk to him．他不断地给 我打电话，可我实在不想和他说话。 Whatever happens， keep on trying．不管发生什么事，继续试下去。 3．When trees are cut down， there is nothing to hold the soil in place on the hillside．树木被砍伐了，山坡上就没有什么东西能够把土壤保持住了。 hold在句中相当于 keep的意思，意为：使处于某种状态或位置，后面接复 合宾语，可以有灵活的译法。例如： They held their heads up and walked out of the hall．他们昂起头，走出了大厅。 Please hold yourself still while I take your photograph．我给你拍照的时候， 请不要动。 He held a cigarette between his lips．他嘴上叼着香烟。 Her speech held the audience silent．她的演讲使全场听众鸦雀无声。 He held his hands at his side．他双手叉着腰。 in place意为：在原来的地方。句中 to hold the soil in place直译是：使土壤保 留在原来时地方。再如： She likes everything to be in place．她喜欢一切东西放在原来的位置。 I hope you’ll keep the books in place．我希望你把书放归原位。 4． It is said that 125 000 people died in Russia as a result of illnesses caused by this acci－dent．据说， 在俄罗斯有 125 000人由于这次事故所引起的疾病而死 亡。 这是一个由形式主语 it引起的句子，其句型是： It is said／thought／believed／hoped／estimated…＋that clause（从句）。表 示：“据说……；据认为……；据信……；人们希望……；据估计……”等， 相当于 People／say／think／believe／hope／estimate＋that clause的意思。本句可 改为： People say that 125 000 people died in Rus－sia as a result of illnesses caused by this accident．但不如课文中约原句自然。再请看以下例句： It is said that he is going abroad next month．据说他下个月要出国。 It is estimated that over 300 000 people took part in the celebration．据估计有 30 万人参加了庆祝活动。 It is reported that the conference will be held on March 15．据报道， 会议将于 3月 15日召开。 5． Now， however， the waters of this great lake， which is also the world’s deepest（over 1 740 metres）， have been dirtied by waste from a chemical factory．然而，如今这个大湖——也是世界上最深的湖（1 740多米）——湖水 已经被一家化工厂的废物污染了。 water在指一般意义上的“水”时，是不可数名词，通常不用复数形式。例 如： Fish live in water．鱼儿生活在水中。 We use water for drinking and washing．我们饮水并用它来洗东西。 但当water指海水、湖水、河水、矿泉水或者指海域等，通常要用复数形式。 例如： Four or five miles to the east of them lay the blue waters of Lake Michigan．在 它们东面四五英里的地方是一望无际的蓝色密执安湖水。 People used to go to that place to take the waters．人们过去常去那里弄些矿泉 水。 dirty可以用作动词，意为：弄脏（vt．）；变脏（vi．）。例如： Don’t dirty your new dress．别把你的新衣服弄脏了。（及物动词） White shoes dirty very quickly．白鞋子很快就脏了。（不及物动词） 6． There are many reasons for animals dying out， but the most important one is the part that humans have played．动物的绝种有许多原因，而最重要的原因在 于人类所起的作用。 animals dying out是 n．／pron．＋－ing结构，在句中作介词 for的宾语。 短语动词 die out意为：绝种；熄灭，有“不复存在”的意思。例如： As a result， this kind of bird has almost died out．结果是，这种鸟现在几乎 绝迹了。 The firemen came， and the fire died out in half an hour．消防队员来了，半 个小时后火就灭了。 the part that humans have played（人类所起的作用），是由 that引导的定语 从句，修饰先行词 the part。短语动词 play a part意为：起作用。例如： The workers have played an important part in the development of production． 工人们在发展生产力方面起了重要的作用。 The part that women played during the war was great．战争期间妇女所起的作 用是巨大的。