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Unit 17 Nature Lesson 65 【目标与要求】 一、交际用语 1）Where are you travelling to？ 2）HoW are you getting there？ 3）How long will it take you to complete thetrip？ 二、单词和词组 1）increase 2）similar 3）equipment 4）wildlife 5）deer 6）performance 7）how long 8）four of us 9）project 三、句型 We want to give some money to this projectso that the number of those deer in China canbe increased． 【讲解设计】 一、交际用语 How long will it take you to complete thetrip？ 这是询问做某事需要花费某人多长时间的用语。句中的 it是引导词，作形式 主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语 to complete the trip。又如： How long did it take you to finish yourhomework last night？昨天夜里做家庭 作业花费了你多少时间？ 二、单词和词组 1． increase 1）increase可作及物动词，意思是“增加”。 例如： Travel increases one’s knowledge of theworld．旅行会增加一个人对世界的 了解。 2）increase作为不及物动词，结合力很强，可表达多种意思。例如： The number of students in this school hasincreased by 800 since 1990．1990年 以来这个学校的学生数量增加了 800。 From 1978 to 1998 the population of thecity increased ten times．从 1978到 1998这个城市人口增加了十倍。 2．similar 1）此词在句中可作为定语和表语。例如： Pink and rose are similar colours． 粉红色和玫瑰色是类似的颜色。 The two coats are similar but not the same． 这两件大衣是类似的但不相同。 2）similar可构成词组“be similar to”，意思是“类似于……”。例如： His views are similar to mine．他的观点类似于我的观点。 3．equipment 1）equipment作“设备”解是不可数名词。 例如： They carried most of their equipment ontheir backs．他们把大多数设备扛在肩 膀上。 A good sleeping bag is a necessary part ofevery camper’s equipment．一个好 睡袋是每一个露营者的必不可少的设备。 2）equipment的动词形式是 equip，意思是“装备”。例如： The workshop has been equipped withmodern machines．这个车间装备了现代 化的机器。 三、句型 We want to give some money to their projectso that the number of these deer in Chinacan be increased． 这是含有 so that引导的目的状语从句的复合句。引导目的状语从句的除 so that以外，还有 in order that。例如： She has brought the book in order that she can follow TV lessons．她带上了书以便跟上电视课。 在口语中或非正式文体中常用 so引导目的状语从句。例如： Sit nearer the front so you can hear better． 坐前面一点，以便听得更清楚一些。 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、根据情景完成下列对话 1．A：_______________？ B：We are going to spend the weekend by the seaside． 2．A：What do you think of the idea？ B：_______________． 3．A：_______________？ B：Six of us will make the trip． 4．A：_______________？ B：We will use the money to build a new teaching building． 5．A：Good luck with your trip． B：_______________？ 6．A：_______________ B：Because I want to get some experience from this job． 【练习设计】·拓展练习 二、选择合适的句子完成对话 A：Good afternoon，sir！ 1 B：I’d like to buy a jacket，but I don’t know what size I wear． A： 2 Let me choose of the right size for you． 3 B：I like the style，but I don’t think much of its colour． 4 A：Certainly．I think this brown one will fit you． B： 5 A：Yes，of course． B：It fits me perfectly．I’ll take it． A．Could you show me another one？ B．May I try it on？ C．What are you going to do？ D．What can I do for you？ E．How much is it？ F．It doesn’t matter． G．How about this blue one？ Lessons 66&67 【目标与要求】 一、单词和词组 1）at present 2）nature 3）common 4）recently 5）alive 6）disappear 7）period 8）duke 9）year by year 10）greatly 11）one day 12）sick 13）protect 二、句型 1）Some deer had been taken to English，where they were kept in the great park which belonged to him． 2）In fact，there are now so many deer that some are being sent to places which would like to return this kind of deer to the wild． 3）At present，the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is Nanhaizi Milu Park，which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing． 【讲解设计】 一、篇章结构 1．中心思想 The milu deer is a kind of deer that used to be common in China．However，it disappared during the Ming and the Qing periods．England has the largest number of milu deer in China and more milu deer are being moved to a nature park in Hubei Province．Pepole plan to set them free and let them live in the wild again． 2．段落大意 The whole text can be divided into three parts． Part 1（Para．1）The milu deer has returned to China Part 2（Para．2—3）The history of milu deer in China and in England Part 3（Para．4—6）The milu centres in China 二、单词和词组 1．at present 1）有时为了强调说明动作只限于现阶段，可以用 at present。例如： John used to work in London，but at present he works in New York．约翰过去 在伦敦工作，但现在却在纽约工作。 2）说现在用 at present，说过去用 in thepast，说将来用 in the future。 2．alive alive，live，living的意思都是“活动，活着的”，但用法不同： alive多用于人，作表语，作定语时要后置。 例如： My parents are alive and well in the country．我们父母还健在，并在农村生 活得很好。 live只用于物，作定语，其读音为[laiv]，例如： Live fish tastes delicious．活鱼味道鲜美。 He is afraid of live snakes．他怕活蛇。 living可用于人或物，作表语或定语。作表语时可用 alive替换。例如： Is his uncle living（alive）？他叔叔健在吗？ He is believed to be one of the best livingwriters．据信他是活着的最好的作家 之一。 3．protect protect的意思是“保护”，它可以构成动词词组 protect sb．／ sth．from…，可译作”防止……免遭，使……免于……”。例如： He raised his arm to protect his face fromthe blow．他抬起手臂以使脸庞免于 打击。 Use an umbrella to protect yourself from therain．用伞来使你免遭雨淋。 4．sick 1）sick和 ill作形容词都是“有病的”意思，作表语时英国习惯用 ill，美国 习惯多用 sick。 例如： He is ill．他病了。（英） He is sick．他病了。（美） 2）sick可作定语，ill一般不能，如 ill作定语，它的意思是“坏的”，相当 于 bad。例如：asick man（一个有病的人），an ill man（一个坏人）。 三、句型 1．Some deer had been taken to English，where they were kept in the great park which belonged to him． 1）这是一个复合句。主句是 some deer hadbeen taken to England，后面跟两 个定语从句：一个由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句 where they were kept in the great park，修饰先行词 England，先行词和关系副词之间有逗号分开； 另一个是由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句 which belonged to him，修饰 先行词 park，先行词和关系代词之间没有逗号。 2）这个复合句中主语的谓语动词是过去完成时，从句的谓语动词是一般过 去时。因为这是叙述过去发生的事，主句的动作发生在两个从句的动作之前。 2．In fact，there are now so many deer thatsome are being sent to places which would like to return this kind of deer to the wild． 1）这是一个复合句，主句是 there are nowso many deer，后面跟两个从句： 一个是由 that引导的结果状语从句 that some are being sentto places，一个是由 which引导的限制性定语从句 which would like to return this kind of deerto the wild。 2）so many deer that… 意思是“那么多的麋鹿，以致……”。又如： He asked so many questions that the teacher was angry with him．他问了那么 多的问题，以致老师对他发火了。 3．At all these centres it is hoped that one daythey will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again． 1）it is hoped that…中的 it是形式主语，真正的主语是 that引导的从句，it is hoped…是被动结构，变为主动结构是：People hope that…。又如： It is hoped that there can be a meeting with Dr．Johnson．（=People hope that…）人们希望能和约翰逊博士会见。 2）it is hoped…的类似结构有： It is said that…＝Somebody says that…据说…… It is believed that…＝People believe that…据信…… It is reported that…＝Somebody reports that…据报道…… It is thought that…=Somebody thinks that…据认为…… It is expected that…＝Somebody expects that…预计…… It is asked that…＝Somebody asks that…人们会问…… 四、语法 现在进行时的被动语态 请看以下例句： …That some are being sent to places… …The life of the milu deer is being studied there． More milu deer is being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province． 根据上面 3个句子可归纳为：现在进行时的被动式由助动词 be的现在进行 式的各人称形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。即： 一般用于表示“某事/人此时此刻正在被……”的意思。要注意的是，在被 动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。如果要说明动作的执行者应由 by＋动作 的执行者来表示。如： The letter is being written by him． I’m being treated at the hospital． My bicycle is being repaired． Wild animals are being protected． 【练习设计】·基础练习 一、单词辨音 1．present A．period B．question C．great D．return 2．nature A．arrive B．park C．greatly D．passage 3．Britain A．paint B．weight C．certain D．Province 4．deer A．disappear B．increase C．chair D．research 5．common A．centre B．present C．recently D．protect 二、单词拼写 1．It’s our duty to p____ wild animals because they are very rare now． 2．More and more people want to live in the city．As a result，the population of the city isi____very fast． 3．After a short p____ of silence，the students began to talk with each other again． 4．Li Hua is a name very c____ in China． 5．A drop of water will soon d____ in the sun． 6．Madam Curie spent most of her life in doing r____ work． 三、完成下列句子 1．I planted a tree before my house and it is growing taller____（一年一年 地）． 2．There____（过去常常）a lot of old people playing chess，chatting and drinking teaaround here． 3．____（以南）of Shandon Province lies Jiangsu． 4．Xichang is a____（研究中心）for sending up man-made satellites in China． 5．When he____（再一次）returned to his hometown，he found everything had changed． 6．—Do you know any____（自然公园）in China？ —Yes．Zhang Jiajie is one of them． 7．____（从那以后），I have never seen him in the city，and perhaps he has gone aborad． 8．It is reported that two tigers were set free into the forest two days ago and they are now living____（在野外）． 四、选择填空 1．By the end of last year，he ____ in that company for ten years． A．has worked B．had worked C．was working D．has been working 2．The number of schools in the country____． A．is increasing B．are increasing C．is increased D．are being increased 3．It ____ that a sixty－story－tall building ____ now near the Gu Lou Square． A．said…is setting up B．is said…has set up C．said…is being set up D．is said…is being set up 4．We should pay more attention to the problems of pollution（污染）____． A．at the present B．at present C．for present D．by present 5．While we were puzzled，the guide told us that those deer____ called milu deer． A．was B．were C．are D．had been 6．When I ____ the office，I found my book____． A．returned，was returned B．returned to，returned C．returned to，had been returned D．returned，had been returned 7．There are less than ten trees of this kind ____ in the world now． A．alive B．living C．live D．A and B 8．During the fight against the floods in 1998，many soldiers lost their lives in ____the lives andproperty of the people A．preparing B．keeping C．protecting D．having 9．There was ____ little water in the bottle that the flowers in it began to wither（凋谢）． A．such B．so C．just D．only 10．Your explanation sounds ____，but I still can’t believe you． A．well B．exciting C．good D．reasonable 五、句型转换 1．They were examining the luggages of the passengers’when fire happened． （改成被动语态） __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2．People say that a tiger appears in that forest．（用 It is said that句型改写） __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3．Once upon a time there was an old fisherman living by the sea．（改成复合 句） _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 4．In 1985，39 milu deer were brought to Dafeng in Jiangsu Province．（对划 线部分提问） _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 5．The students are using the new computers in the computer rooms．（改成被 动语态） _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 6．Two hundred trees are being planted by the officers and the soldiers along the river．（改成主动语态） ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 【练习设计】·拓展练习 六、阅读理解 Your body，which has close relations（关系）with the food you eat，is the most important thingyou own，so it needs proper treatment（对待）and proper nourishment（营养）．The old saying“Anapple a day keeps the doctor away”is not as silly as some people think．The body needs fruit andvegetables because they contain vitamin C．Many people take extra vitamins in pill form，believingthat these will make them healthy．But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all thevitamins you need．The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins，so why waste money on them？ In the modern western world，many people are too busy to bother（操 心）about eating properly．they throw anything into their stomachs，eating hurriedly and carelessly．The list of illnesses caused ormade worse by bad eating habits is frightening． 1．“Your body has close relations with the food you eat”really means that____． A．all kinds of food you eat can be made into your body B．your body is made up of the food you eat C．what you eat has great effect（影响）on your health D．the more you eat，the better you will feel 2．The old saying in the passage tells us that____． A．the apple is the best among all kinds of fruits B．apples can take the place of doctors C．eating apples regularly does lots of good to our health D．an apple is a sure cure for illness 3．In the second paragraph，the writer tries to let us know____． A．our bodies need food or we can’t live B．often eating apples is a good habit C．taking extra vitamin pills is completely useless D．a good diet is of great importance for our health 4．In the modern western countries，____． A．people don’t pay any attention to their eating at all B．many illnesses are caused or made worse by bad eating habits C．people throw everything into their stomachs without chewing D．people are too busy to cook meals for themselves 5．From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to have good health we should ____． A．only eat an apple a day B．eat properly C．take as many vitamin pills as possible D．throw something into our stomachs slowly and carefully Lesson 68 【目标与要求】 一、听力 The milu deer 二、写作 填词作文。 【讲解设计】 一、听力 1）在对麋鹿保护区了解的基础上，通过听录音进一步了解麋鹿的特征及生 活习性。2）听录音时注意各项题目要求，留心关键词组，尤其注意有关的数字。 做题时要根据上下文来辨清名词的单复数及动词的形式等。 二、写作 根据本单元所学现在进行时的被动语态，学会在上下文中正确灵活使用含 有该语法的句型。 【练习设计】 一、听力 听录音完成下面的短文。 Penguins（企鹅）live 1 ，but each pair has a little 2 of ground．When a penguin wants to walk 3 his neighbour’s ground he must ask permission．If he does not he will have to 4 ．Penguins come and go all day．They fight and look 5 their children． All penguins are good 6 the emperor penguins are perhaps the best parents in the world．They choose their 7 in the dark．They can only 8 them－not see them．Then the females（雌）lay their eggs and go away for two months．The males（雄）look after the eggs．They 9 them on their feet inside a fold（褶）of skin．If the eggs get cold there will be no chicks．Thereis no food．The snow 10 ．The wind blows sometimes at 150 kilometers an hour．The penguins do not move．When the females return from the sea they will not 11 their husbands．It does not matter．Only one thing matters—the eggs．Emperor penguins never fight 12 a penguin leaves achick for a 13 ．Then they fight 14 they all want it．They are 15 and wonderful birds． 二、根据首字母完成下列短文 In the 19th century there was an exhibition on the fine art in Paris．Before it was o 1 to the public，several well－known artists were i 2 to visit and showed their opinions．There was a curtainc 3 each painting．When they came near the first painting，an assistant d 4 the curtain away．A beautiful painting of roses a 5 before them．The painting was really true to life．At the moment a butterfly （蝴蝶）flew into the hall and s 6 on one of the roses in the picture．All of them cheered．They all declared that it was excellent because it confused（迷惑）the butterfly． Then they came to the s 7 painting．The assistant was going to draw the curtain as he d 8 before．As soon as he t 9 the curtain，he cried．”Wonderful！It’s the best painting I have everseen．”All the artists asked why he thought so．After he told them the reason everybody a 1 10 withhim．