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Unit 7 Earthquakes 一、教学目标与要求 使学生能运用所学语言谈论一些过去的经历，注意能正确使用过去时和过 去进行时态。初步了解并使用由关系代词who，whom，that，which等引导的定 语从句，是本单元的教学目标。学生还应能根据第 28课所提出的要求，写出有 关某次地震的短文。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 shake；onto；while；sound；point；gap；fall off；for a while；for ever；cut off；stay up；a large number of 2．重要句型 1）It sounded like a train that was going under my house．2）The numberof people who lost homes reached as many as 250000．3）It happened in the evening as peoplewere travelling home．4）Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of townbut about 50 kilometres away． 3．语法定语从句（1）：1）The boy who/whom/that we saw yesterday was John’sbrother．2）The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250000．3）The car（which/that）my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake．4）I watched allthe glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor． 4．日常交际用语谈论过去经历（Talking about the past experiences）：1）I was in SanFrancisco at the time of the earthquake．2）It sounded like a train．3）All the glasses fell offmy kitchen table．4）I’ve never been so afraid in all my life． 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪，几张有关地震的图片。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．Warm-up question：Does anybody know anything sbout earthquakes？What will hap-pen when an earthquake takes place？ 教师出示准备好的有关地震的图片，就图片内容与学生进行问答。 2．准备放对话录音，教师给出听前提问：1）Where was Carl at the time of the earth-quake？2）What fell off onto the ground？ 放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：1）Carl was at the kitchen cooking something at the time of the earthquake．2）Allthe glasses on the table fell off onto the ground． 根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，检查学生的理解程度。 1）What question did Wang Bing ask Carl？2）How does Carl answer Wang Bing’s ques-tion？ 3） Do you have a deep impression about the word“quake” after Carl’s explanation？4） When did the earthquake take place in San Francisco？5） Was Carl’s house damaged in theearthquake？How do you know？ 3．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后， 请两、三组同学到前面表演。 4．要求学生将该课对话改写为一篇短文。教师可给予必要的提示。 提示语：1） on the night of Oct． 17th 2） cooking in the kitchen 3） hear a strange sound4） the floor move and glasses fall off 5） a little afraid 6） realize that it was an earthquake 将首句给出： Tom will never forget what happened on the night of Oct．17th， 1989． 要求学生根据对话，参照老师所给的提示及首句，编写短文。 Model： Tom will never forget what happened on the night of Oct．17th，1989．At that time hewas cooking in the kitchen， when he suddenly heard a very strange sound． It sounded like atrain going under his house． He felt the floor move and watched all the glasses fall off ontothe floor． At first he did not know what was happening． He was a little afraid， but not very．He felt it was like being on a boat． The earth shook for quite a while． The house moved anda few pictures fell off the wall． And that was all． Later he realized that it was an earth-quake． 当堂要求学生完成，如时间允许，可请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予 以讲评。 5．布置作业 1）预习第 26、27课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪，几张有关地震的图片。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语（在教学中，可考虑将 Lesson 26和 Lesson 27合并在一 起进行）。 2．教师通过以下步骤导入正课：出示准备好的有关地震的图片，就图片内 容与学生进行问答：1） Have you ever heard about an earthquake？ 2） What may happen in an earthquake？ 3．板书问答中出现的有关词语，以达到复习这些词语的目的。 4．教师给出读前提问：1） How many people were killed during the earthquake of 1989 inthe city of San Francisco？ 2） When the scientists say“The Big One”， what do they mean？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文。之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1） About 100 people were killed during the earthquake of 1989 in the city of SanFrancisco．2） When the scientists say“The Big One”， they mean an even bigger earthquakeand they are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Fran-cisco． 5．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度（可参阅书后练习册中所列问题）．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，组织 学生俩人一组，利用课文中所提供的信息填写表格。 Say something about the two earthquakes in the city of San Francisco 学生先在小组内交流并相互补充，然后教师组织学生用自己的语言描述这 两次地震。要求学生尽量连贯地讲述。 6．布置作业 1）复述课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常见词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评订正。 词语： feel；fall off；fall down；for a while； destroy； more than； less than； lose one’shome；die，dead，death；in the centre of；cut off；as… as possible；stay up 例句：1）At the time of the earthquake he felt the house shake．2）All the books fell offthe table． 3） The old man fell down in the street and broke his leg． 4） We’ll be away for awhile． Could you look after our birds？5） All his hopes were destroyed． 6） Fire destroyed sev-eral stores in the business district．7） There was a very serious traffic accident in India lastweek and more than 500 people were killed．8）I bought it for less than 50 yuan．9） Manypeople lost their homes during the serious flood．10） His grandfather died two years ago．11） His death made us sad． 12） She is still alive but her son is dead． 13）There is a post officein the centre of the town． 14） Our water supply has been cut off again．15） You should speakEnglish as much as possible． 16） We stayed up until midnight talking about our work． 3．要求学生迅速找出本单元对地震时人们感觉的一些描写： Model： First I heard a noise． It sounded like a train that was going under my house． I felt thefloor move．I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor． It was likebeing on a boat． The earth shook for quite a while． The houses moved and a few pictures felloff the wall． 4．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，组织学生俩人一组，利用课文中所提供的 信息解释地震发生的原因。 Say something about why an earthquake takes place： 数分钟后，在全班范围内交流。 5．布置作业 1）预习第 8单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 四、难句分析 1． Carl， what does“quake” mean， as in the word“earthquake”？卡尔， “earthquake”里的“quake”是什么意思？ “as in the word‘earthquake’”是省略句，原句应为“as it is in the word earthquake”。“as”是连词，意思是“如”、“像”。 “as”可以作连词、介词和关系代词。现将“as”的用法小结如下： 1）作连词 （1）作“当……时候”解，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生， 或某事一发生，另一件事也立即发生。例如： They were singing as they were walking home．回家时他们边走边唱。 I startled as he opened the door．他一开门，我吓了一跳。 （2）作“因为”解，引导原因状语从句。例如： I must stop writing now，as I have a lot of homework to do．我现在必须停笔 了，因为我有许多作业要做。 （3）作“如/像”解，引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句。例如： You should do as the teacher tells you to．你应当像老师告诉你的那样去做。 The weather was not so wet as it is today．那天的天气不像今天这么潮。 2）作“作为”解。例如： He was famous as a pop singer．作为流行歌星，他很有名。 3）作关系代词，在“the same as”和“as follows”这类结构中，“as”是 关系代词。 2． It sounded like a train that was going under my house．那声音听起来就像 有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。 连系动词“sound”（听起来）后面可以跟形容词、名词或介词短语坐表语。 例如： The story of his life sounds interesting．他一生的经历听起来很有趣。 Your idea sounds a good one．你的想法听起来不错。 She sounds like a kind-hearted woman．她听起来像个好心肠的人。 3． I felt the floor move．我感到地板在动。 “fell”和其它的感官动词（see， watch， hear， notice…）的用法是一样 的，即后面跟复合宾语，“feel sth．do/doing”。例如： I felt my heart beating fast．我觉得我的心在快速地跳。 4．It sounded like a train that was going under my house． And then I watch all the glass-es that were on the table fall off onto floor．那声音听起来就像一列火车 正从我的房屋下通过。然后我看到桌子上的杯子掉到地板上去了。 这两个句子都使用了定语从句，“that was going under my house”和“that were on thetable”分别作定语修饰“a train”和“all the glssses”。理解定语从句 首先要理解两个概念：先行词和关系代词。 先行词即定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，关系代词是连接先行词和定语从 句的代词，它在定语从句中充当一定的成分。下面我们举例说明。 在第一个句子中先行词是“a train”，关系代词是“that”，并且“that”在 定语从句中作主语。下面我们总结一下关系代词“who，whom，that，which” 的用法： 1） who “who”引导的定语从句用来修饰人，而且在定语从句中作主语。例如： The woman who is standing over there is Mary．站在那边的那个妇女是 Mary。 2） whom “whom”引导的定语从句用来修饰人，而且在定语从句中作宾语。例如： The guy whom I was talking to just now is my classmate．刚才和我说话的那 个小伙子是我的同学。 3）that “that”引导的定语从句既可修饰人也可修饰物。修饰人时可替换“who” 和“whom”，修饰物时在定语从句中可作主语也可作宾语。例如： The factory that makes cars is not far away．制造汽车的那个工厂不远。（主 语） All the books that he has are kept in the room．他所有的书都被保存在这间屋 子里。 4） which “which”引导的定语从句只能修饰物，而且在定语从句中也作主语和宾语。 “which”和“that”通常情况下可以互换使用。例如： The factory that/which makes cars is not far away． 但在下列情况下只能使用“that”。 （1）先行词被叙述词或形容词最高级修饰时； （2）先行词是不定代词，像 all，some，something，anything，nothing等； （3）先行词被不定代词修饰； （4）先行词被 the only， the last修饰。 例如： He is the best student that I have ever known．他是我知道的最好的学生。 There is nothing that I can do for you．我帮不上你什么忙。 These are all the books that he has．这些是他所有的书。 He is the only person that I know here．他是我在这里认识的唯一的一个人。 注意：无论关系代词是修饰人还是修饰物，只要它在定语从句中作宾语， 关系代词就可以省略。 5． The Pacific plate is moving slowly——at 5.3 centimeters a year．太平洋板 块每年以 5.3厘米的速度缓慢地移动着。 “at”可用于表示“速度”、“价格”，表示速度时还常用“at the speed of”。例如： The train runs at 50 miles an hour．=The train runs at the speed of 50 miles an hour． 火车每小时行驶 50英里。 They sell their beef at a high price．他们以很高的价格卖掉牛肉。