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Unit 22 Britain and Ireland 一、教学目标与要求 本单元的教学目标是使学生通过对课文的学习，进一步了解英国和爱尔兰 的地理及历史情况。并能借助地图，运用自己所学到的语言，对其进行简单描述 如地理概况、天气情况、语言使用、过去和现在的对比等。 二、教学重点与难点 1．重点词汇 puzzled；separate；especially；lead； shoot；stand for；be made up of；di－vide...into...；all sorts of；live on...；go bad；die of；keep in touch with；lead a simplelife；play a part in 2．重要句型 1） But I thought you said you weren’t English．2） It’s to the north ofEngland；it’s part of Britain．3） The larger of the two islands is Britain．4） There used to bea lot of coal mines in the south． 5） Generally，the weather in Britain is neither too cold inwinter nor too hot in summer． 3．语法复习以前学习过的语法项目。 4．日常交际用语辨别人物（Identifying people）：1） Are you from the USA？2） Whereare you from then？ 三、课型 （一）对话课 Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师通过以下步骤导入本课： 向学生提出下列问题： Can you tell me where English is spoken as the first language？ （Britain；America；Canada；Australia and New Zealand）OK．Now let’s talk aboutBritain． Does anybody know anything about this country？ 鼓励学生尽可能多地谈一谈。教师可以提供一些话题： 1） Where is it located？（In Eu－rope）2） What is the country officially called？（The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland）3） Which city is the capital of Britain？（London）4） How many parts arethere in Britain and what are they？ （Four parts：England；Scotland；Wales and NorthernIreland）5） Any famous buildings you know in Britain？ And anything else you know aboutBritain？ 针对最后一个话题，可让学生尽情发挥。通过这种练习，复习大量有关词汇 并交流很多相关信息。 2．准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：What did Zhou Lan ask for at theend of the dialogue，and why？ 放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。 Key：She asked David fof a map because she thought she was puzzled by what David hadsaid． 再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后，请 两、三组同学到前面表演。 3．根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，分析周岚为何感到迷惑。 1） Is David English？ 2） Does he speak English？3） Where is he from？ 4）Do you thinkZhou Lan knows the difference between“British” and“English”？5） Do you think Zhou Lanknows the difference between“Britain”and“England”？6）In Zhou Lan’s opinion， whatshould the people from Britain be called？7） Do you think you could explain all this to ZhouLan？If you were supposed to explain all this to Zhou Lan，what would you say to make herclear？ 经同学们逐题讨论后，教师可请两位同学到前面进行表演，一个扮演周岚， 另一个扮演大卫。由大卫向周岚进行解释。教师予以讲评。 4．要求学生将该课对话改写为短文，分别以大卫和周岚的口吻来改编（可 将全班分为两个部分来分别扮演不同角色）。 Model： Zhou Lan This morning I met David． He speaks English． But he told me he is not English． WhenI asked him if he comes from Canada， he said he comes from Britain． Strange， isn’t it？ Hesays he comes from Britain， but he is not English！Then he told me that he is from Scotlandand he is Scottish．Scotland is to the north of England and is part of Britain．I was reallypuzzled！In my opinion，people from Britain should be called English． David I met a Chinese girl named Zhou Lan．She asked me whether I was English． You knowpeople from Scotland don’t like to be called English． We would rather say we are Scottish orBritish． Only those from England are called English．I tried to explain this to her but itseemed to be very difficult，I expect that after learning this unit she would probably under－stand what I have explained． 当堂要求学生完成，如时间允许，可请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予 以讲评。 将Model用投影仪打出，以利学生自我修正。 5．布置作业 1）预习第 86、87课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 （二）阅读理解课（Ⅰ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪，一张欧洲地图。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．检查生词及短语。 2．通过谈论地图导入正课： Now look at this map． Can you see two islands here？ Andwhat is the larger of the two islands called？ Yes， you are right． We already know that it isofficially called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland． Next we’ll learnmore about this country from our text． 3．教师给出读前提问：1） What is Scotland famous for？ 2） What are the two countriesin Ireland？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文。之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1） Scotland is famous for its beautiful countryside．2） One is called Northern Ire－land，which is part of the United Kingdom． The other is a separate country， and it is calledthe Republic of Ireland． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度（可参阅练习册中所列出的问题） 5．教师用投影仪打出以下 statements，要求学生判断其正误。并对错误的 statements进行修改。 1） According to the text， Britain is separated from Europe by the Irish Sea．2） BothScotland and Wales are famous for their beautiful countryside．3） Edinburgh is the capital ofScotland while Belfast is the capital of Wales．4） England is the largest country of the UnitedKingdom and it lies in the southeast．5） According to the text， Belfast could be very wet．6） Though there are hills in Scotland， generally speaking much of it is rather flat．7） It sel－dom snows in Ireland though it is wet all year round．8） English is not the first language inNorth Wales． Key：1） False（Britain and Ireland are separated by the Irish Sea．） 2） True 3） False（Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland while Belfast is the capital of Northern Island．） 4） True5）True 6） False（Scotland has many lakes and mountains and much of England is ratherflat．）7）True 8）True 6．对照地图及利用课文中信息，描写以下地点之间的对应关系。 Model： Britain——Ireland： The two countries are separated by the Irish Sea and Britain lies to the east of Ireland． 1）Northern Ireland——Ireland 2）Wales——England 3）Scotland——England 4）Ireland——Wales 5）London——the River Thames 数分钟后，请学生在班上交流。 7．布置作业 1）借助地图，复述课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 阅读理解课（Ⅱ） Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪，一张欧洲地图。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．通过提问，温习第一部分课文内容：1） What do the letters UK stand for？2） Howmany countries is the UK made up of？What are they？3） What is Scotland famous for？ 4）What’s the first language in North Wales？5） What is the population of London？6） What’sthe weather like in Britain in general？ 2．检查第一部分课文复述。请同学到前面站在地图前，用自己组织的语言 介绍英国的情况。 3．准备阅读 Ireland。教师给出读前提问：1） What did the peasants live on in the past？ 2）What are the Irish very fond of？ 教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文。之后请同学回答上述问题。 Key：1） They lived mainly on potatoes in the past．2）The Irish are very fond of musicand poems． 4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理 解程度： 1）Where did the first travellers to Ireland from？2）What did they find there？ 3）Whatabout the llving conditions of the peasants there？4） What happened around 1850？5） Why didmany people leave Ireland？6） What about their living conditions today？7） What plays an im－portant part in people’s lives in Ireland？8） After reading this passage，do you like this coun－try？ Please give your opinions． 5．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，组织学生俩人一组，利用课文中所提供的 信息填写表格。 Ssy something about Britain and Ireland using the information from the two passages： 学生先在小组内交流并相互启发补充，然后请学生在班上交流。教师讲评。 6．布置作业 1）复述本单元课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。 （三）语言训练课 Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。 Ⅱ．课堂教学设计 1．教师检查课文复述。 2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常见词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学 生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评订正。 词语：puzzled；separate；stand for；be made up of；divide...into； especially；all sortsof；live on；go bad；die of；keep in touch with；lead a simple life；play a part in；be fond of 例句：1） There are puzzled expressions on his face．2）The woman’s illness puzzled thedoctor；he couldn’t find the cause．3）The Atlantic separates America from Europe．4） SEFCstands for“Senior English for China”．5） A car is made up of many different parts．6）Theteacher often divides the class into small groups and asks the students to practise oral Eng－lish．7） I like the country， especially in spring．8） He likes to read books——all sorts ofbooks．9） These people live on meat and milk．10） The fruit has all gone bad．11） In the olddays many poor people died of hunger．12） Though he finished middle school years ago，hestill keeps in touch with some of his old classmates．13） Though he is rich，he leads a simplelife．14） Using English tapes in the classroom plays a very important part in the teaching ofthe English language．15）Are you fond of country music？ 3．信息归类： 用投影片打出下列内容，由学生分别归类，整理出各个国家的特点。（注） Countries： （A）England；（B）Wales；（C）Scotland；（D）Northern Ireland； （E）Ireland Spe－cial information： 1） lack of snow fall；full of all sorts of fish in the sea；very fond of music and poems；used to live mainly on potatoes（E） 2）the largest country in Britain；Much of the land is rather flat，though there are hillsin the northeast and in the centre of the country；The capital lies on the River Thames witha population of seven million（A） 3）The capital is Belfast；It’s part United Kingdom（D） 4）It lies to the west of England；Its capital is Cardiff．The first language in the north isWelsh；There used to be lots of coal mines（B） 5）Edinburgh is its capital；many lakes and mountains；famous for its beautiful country－side（C） 4．书面表达练习 专题描写：SEFC教材 英文提示（用投影片打出）：1） stand for；2） be made up of；3） divide...into；4） allsorts of；5） especially；6） play an important part in；7） be fond of 将首句给出：SEFC is our English textbook．It stands for“Senior English for China”and... 七、八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。 Model： SEFC is our English textbook．It stands for“Senior English for China”and it is madeup of many different parts，such as the students’book；the teacher’s book；tapes；pictures（wall－charts）． When we have our English classes，the teacher usually divides us into smallgroups and asks us to do all sorts of exercises，especially oral ones． And very often， wepractise listening in class．Our teacher says that listening plays a very important part inlearning a foreign language．Most of us are very fond of learning the English language． 5．布置作业 1）预习第 23单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。 注：这种安排是考虑到教师备课方便。在实际教学中，教师可打乱 Special Information中的顺序，以混合形式给出。由学生进行归类。 四、难句分析 1．（1）The larger of the two islands is Britain，which lies to the east of Ireland．两个岛中较大的那个是不列颠，位于爱尔兰的东面。 （2） Wales lies to the west of England．威尔士位于英格兰的西边。 （3） England，the largest country in Britain，is in the southeast．英格兰， 不列颠岛上最大的一块土地，位于这个岛的东南部。 （4） London lies on the River Themes．伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。 上述句子中的 lie作“位于”、“在……处”解，第（3）句中的 is=lies。在 lies后面可以跟 to，on，in等不同的介词，以表示“处于……方向／位置”。第 （1）（2）句都用了介词 to表示方位，并不强调接壤。如果强调交界，则应该 用介词 on。第（3）句中的 in表示“在……境内”，“在……范围之内”。第 （4）句中的 on表示“在……河畔”。例如： Guangdong lies to the south of Hubei．广东在湖北以南。 Guangdong lies to／on the south of Hunan．广东在湖南以南。（既可以用 to 表示方位，又可用 on表示两省接壤） Shanghai lies in the east of China．上海位于中国的东部。 Nanjing lies on the Yangtze River．南京位于长江之滨。 2．There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south，but many of them have beenclosed，or are about to be closed．（威尔士）南部曾经有许多煤矿，但是不 少现在已经关闭了，或濒临关闭。 be about to的意思是“正要……、“即将……”，它是一种将来式的表达方 式，表示最近的将来，to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形。例如： I was about to go out when the telephone rang．我正要外出，这时电话铃响了。 Hurry up！They are about to start．快点，他们就要出发了。 3．Generally， the weather in Britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer． 一般来说，不列颠的气候冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。 neither...nor是一个连词词组，作“既不……也不”讲，用来连接两个相同 的成分。例如： We had neither money nor food．我们既没钱，又没食物。（连接两个宾语） They neither smoke nor drink．他们既不吸烟，也不喝酒。（连接两个谓语） He was neither clever nor stupid， but good enough at his work．他不聪明， 也不傻，但在工作上还是够好的。（连接两个表语） Neither the Scots nor the Welsh regard themselves as English．苏格兰人和威尔 士人都不把自己看作是英格兰人。（连接两个主语） 注意：当 neither...nor连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和邻近的那个主语在数 上取得一致。例如： Neither the twins nor James knows how to spell the word．那对双胞胎和詹姆 斯都不知道这个词的拼法。 4．Around 1850， a terrible disease hit the potato crop’ and potatoes went bad in thesoil．1850年左右，一种可怕的疾病袭击了土豆，土豆全都烂在地里了。 go是连系动词，作“变成”解，后面多跟形容词作表语，表示主语由一种 状态转变到另一种状态，如 go bad（变坏）， go mad（变疯）， go blind（变 瞎）， go wrong（出毛病）。 He has gone deaf．他耳朵聋了。 The children must not go hungry．不要让孩子挨饿。 在 go后还跟与颜色有关的形容词。例如： He went red with anger when he heard the news．他听到这个消息，气得脸都 红了。 become，get，go，grow这几个词作连系动词时，都可以表示“变成”，但 也有些区别：be－come较正式， get和 go较口语化。此外 become和 get可由好 变坏，也可由坏变好，而 go通常是由好变坏。例如： The situation has become even better／worse．情况变得更好／糟了。 They are getting richer and richer／poorer and poorer．他们越来越富了／穷了。 grow作“变成”时，有“逐渐变成新的状态”的意思。例如： My younger brother is growing tall．我的弟弟渐渐长高了。 5．Tens of thousands of people died of hunger．数以万计的人饿死了。 die of的意思是“因……而死”，常表示由于疾病、饥饿、年老、情感等原因 引起的死亡。例如： He died of old age．他寿终正寝了。 In a cold winter，many wild animals may die of hunger．在严寒的冬天，很多 野生动物可能饿死。 The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s death．那位老太太在丈 夫去世后不久因悲伤而死。 die from的意思是“因……而死”，但一般指因疾病或感情以外的原因而 造成的死亡，例如： He died from a chest wound．他因胸部受伤而死。 We felt sad at his death because he died from overwork．我们对他的死感到悲 伤，他是因过度工作累死的。 6．Although many families became separated，people still kept in touch with each other． 虽然许多家庭都分散了，但是人们还是保持着联系。 keep in touch with是“与某人保持联系”。例如： Please keep in touch with me when you are abroad．你在国外期间请同我保持 联系。 A good teacher should always keep in touch with the students．好老师应当经 常和同学接触。 此外还有“get in touch with”是“与某人取得联系”。例如： We must try to get in touch with Jack and ask him to come back．我们必须设法 同杰克取得联系，要他回来。 7．Today，life has improved for the population，although many farmers in the west con-tinue to lead a simple life．尽管（爱尔兰）西部还有许多农民继续过着 简朴的生活，但是就整个人口来说，今天的生活已经有了改善。 lead a…life是“过……的生活”，在 life前可用不同的形容词来修饰。例如： Kao Yubao and his family led a miserable life in the old days．高玉宝和他的全 家过去过着悲惨的生活。 We have led a better life since 1978．自从 1978年以来我们的生活过得好些 了。 Though they are old，they lead an active life．虽然他们年老了，但是他们生 活得很活跃。 8．Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important partin people’s lives．大部分爱尔兰人每个星期天都去做礼拜，教会 在人们生活中起着重要的作用。 1）go to church的意思是“做礼拜”，church前不用冠词 the，指（教堂 的）礼拜，不指具体的教堂。如果要指去某个教堂，就要用 the，例如： I’m going to the church near the station．我打算去车站附近的那座教堂。 这里不一定有“做礼拜”的含义了，也许是去找牧师谈话或其他的事情。类 似的 还有： go to school去上学，go to bed去睡觉，go to prison去坐牢 2）play a part in作“在……中起作用”讲，在 part前可用不同的形容词来 修饰，例如： Young people played an active part in revolutionary work．年轻人在革命工作 中起过积极的作用。 Weather plays a significant part in agriculture．气候在农业中起着重要的作用。 The part that the church plays is very great．教会所起的作用是很大的。