节目资讯
刊物:空中英语教室
日期:2013-04-10
难易度:High
关键字:pave the way, chemist, deadly, quest, pasteurization, liquefy
Well, we're talking today about food inventions and some things that we can use
in our kitchens today that we cannot do without.
And these have been influenced by people throughout history.
Some people have helped pave the way for safer, easier-to-make meals.
One thing we talked about is pasteurization, a process invented by French
chemist Louis Pasteur.
And we're going to learn about something else right now: refrigeration.
Let's do that together.
Food Inventions.
Refrigeration.
In the old days people placed food in cold streams or under snow and ice to keep
it from spoiling.
The quest continued, though, for a better method to preserve and store food.
Finally German engineer Carl von Linde developed a way to liquefy gas in large
quantities, a process that is required for refrigeration.
He patented his refrigeration design in 1877,
and many consider von Linde the inventor of the modern-day refrigerator,
something no kitchen should be without.
Refrigerators are certainly important.
I can't imagine not having one.
Well, we see in this section "Refrigeration." The first sentence says:
In the old days people placed food in cold streams or under snow and ice to keep
it from spoiling.
So before we had refrigerators, people used to put their food in cold streams,
cold water, maye near their house, or in snow and ice to keep it from spoiling
or going bad.
And this says in the old days people did this.
That means maybe a long time ago, in the old days.
However, I know that in some places in the world, people still do this because
it does save electricity.
And if it's cold enough outside, if there's always snow, then you can still do
this to keep your food from going bad or spoiling.
That's right. And the next sentence says:
The quest continued, though, for a better method to preserve and store food.
So while some parts of the world you can just store your food outside where it's
cold, a lot of places are too warm for this to really work, except in winter.
So the quest continued.
If you have a quest, then you are searching for something.
This is a really great word, a quest.
Maybe you are on a quest for a new refrigerator because yours is broken.
Uh oh. Well, if you do have a broken refrigerator, go out and go on a quest for
one.
That kind of means you have a mission to accomplish something.
You are searching for something.
Maybe if you're a student, you have a quest.
You are on a quest for more knowledge.
You're on a quest for more wisdom.
So you can use this word to talk about things you're searching for or ideas that
you want to have.
Well, people were on a quest for a better way to preserve food, to keep their
food good longer.
And we see that finally German engineer Carl von Linde developed a way to
liquefy gas in large quantities, a process that is required for refrigeration.
So this German engineer found a way to keep things colder longer.
That's right.
We see a word here: liquefy.
He developed a way to liquefy gas.
Of course, gas is... well, it's not liquid.
But there is a way to turn it into a liquid.
And that is called liquefying something.
So he did this.
And if you have a refrigerator, then there is probably this process going on -
liquefying gas.
That's right.
And we see that he patented his refrigeration design in 1877,
and many consider von Linde the inventor of the modern-day refrigerator,
something no kitchen should be without.
All right.
Well, he has invented something that everyone should have.
Of course if you go into a kitchen these days, you will probably look around and
notice a refrigerator among other things.
So he did something that is very necessary, something that we can't be without.
And it says in 1877, and I kind of think of that as a very long time ago.
Yeah.
But actually that means that they didn't have refrigerators until 1877.
Right. Exactly.
So we think of it as a long time ago, but really it was a long time that people
didn't have refrigeration.
So as you can see, we can use this word "refrigerator" in different... ways,
too.
Uh, you see the word "refrigeration" is like the process that happens within
your refrigerator.
That's right.
So do you have a refrigerator?
Do you have a large refrigerator, a small refrigerator?
Do you even use a refrigerator in your house?
Do you live in a cold enough place that you don't need one?
That's right.
Maybe you're a college student, and you just have a small refrigerator in your
dorm room.
Well, refrigeration is very important today.
Of course, it's a great process that can be used to help keep food good without
spoiling.
It's something that no kitchen should be without.
Let's go and take a look at the Grammar Gym with Liz.
And then we'll go see Michelle in the Language Lab.
Good idea.
Hi there, friends.
I hope you're all doing well today.
My name is Liz.
And thanks for joining me here at the Grammar Gym.
And here's today's Grammar Tip sentence:
" ... something no kitchen should be without." Our focus today is on the
sentence pattern:
No [subject] should be without.
It's just another way to say something is absolutely necessary for a certain
subject.
For example, maybe a publisher might advertise their newest dictionary as:
This is a dictionary no language-learners should be without.
Or maybe a large department store is promoting their VIP cards, so they might
say:
This is a card no shopper should be without.
Now it's your turn.
Can you think of an item that is necessary or very important to a certain group
of people?
And practice using this pattern with your friends.
And if you'd like to see some more example sentences, they're available in
today's Grammar Tip section in your magazine.
This is Liz from the Grammar Gym.
I'll see you next time.
(Chinese).
And let's see what our teachers are doing.
Today we've learned about a couple of different inventions that we use in our
kitchen,
things that have made things easier and pave the way to make our food safer to
eat.
What was the first one we learned about today, Gabe?
Well, it's that big word "pasteurization." That's the process where you heat up
liquid so you can kill off deadly or harmful bacteria.
And this is, of course, named after... or named for a French chemist Louis
Pasteur.
We're very grateful to him for this food innovation.
It is a wonderful innovation.
And the other one we learned about today was refrigeration.
Pasteurization; refrigeration.
And refrigeration was discovered this way to liquefy gas by a German engineer
Carl von Linde.
So he helped us discover a way to keep our food uh, fresher longer with this
process of refrigeration.
That's right.
Well, this just makes me wonder.
We have a question here at the end of the lesson, and it says:
Do you ever worry about the food or drink that you consume?
Is that something that you ever worry about, Carolyn?
Well, sometimes I do worry about it because food might not be fresh.
Even though we have these ways to keep food fresher longer, that doesn't mean
that the food is still good.
And I eat a lot of vegetables.
And those can be dangerous if you eat them raw, if you don't cook them.
So I have to be kind of careful and make sure that they are still clean before I
eat it.
That's right.
Of course people are always telling me not to mix my chicken with my beef if I'm
cooking with raw chicken or beef,
because chicken has something that you really need to make sure is completely
gone when you cook it.
Well, there are many things to worry about or that you can't worry about.
We hope you don't worry.
But we hope you do come back next time for the continuation of this lesson Food
Invention.
See you.
See you.