节目资讯
刊物:空中英语教室
日期:2012-05-03
难易度:Medium
关键字:renewal, concrete, cuisine, alcohol, ingredient, preserve, glutinous rice
OK. Welcome back from the break, everyone.
Estimates put the world Hakka population at about 80 million.
Some notable Hakka people from the past and present include Liu Yongfu, Chow
Yun-Fat, Sun Yat-Sen and Lee Kuan Yew,
all I'm sure having experienced the delights of Hakka cuisine.
Let's continue with the heart of Hakka culture now on line 3.
Hakka Food.
For example, they have long employed creative ways of preserving food.
They dry food or use things like salt, sugar or alcohol.
The resulting preserves can be served as side dishes or used in steamed,
stir-fried, boiled or stewed dishes.
This history has also led to a focus both on simple, hearty foods and on making
use of available ingredients.
A good example of this is the Hakka use of glutinous rice in foods like mochi,
tangyuan and caibao.
Other examples are found in the use of things like mustard greens and pig
intestines in cooking.
Food has played, and continues to play, an important role in shaping Hakka
culture.
The Hakka people have a long and interesting history that has been affecting the
way they live, has greatly affected their cuisine and their culture.
Well, we want to talk about some examples of how the food shortages and moving
around in their history have affected their food.
Yeah. And we see one here.
They have long employed creative ways of preserving food.
Now what does it mean if you preserve food?
When you preserve something, we mean... we know that means to save it or to
protect it.
Now if you are preserving food, that means you treat it with other things so
that it will last a long time.
So if you have an apple, an apple will eventually go bad, and you don't want to
eat it.
But you could preserve it, and it will last a lot longer.
OK. And they have long employed these ways of doing that.
And if you employ something, it doesn't just mean you hire someone for a job.
It can also mean that you're using something for a certain purpose.
So they use certain ways of saving food.
Then they dry food or... they also dry food and use things like salt, sugar or
alcohol to preserve it.
That's right.
Now these are ways to preserve something.
So you can dry it so that it lasts longer, you take out the moisture.
You can use salt.
Salt is a really good way to preserve things that's actually used all over the
world.
And alcohol is the third way that they would do that.
Yeah. And "alcohol" is a clear liquid that you would use maybe to clean
something or to preserve something.
And it's also in drinks that, well, people get drunk with.
So that's what alcohol is used for.
That's right.
Well, the resulting preserves can be served as side dishes or used in steamed,
stir-fried, boiled or stewed dishes.
So let's go back. We've talked about what it means to "preserve" something.
So here is a noun form of that... that verb.
We say you do preserve something, and that thing becomes a preserve.
Right, exactly.
When a food is preserved in a certain way, then it is called a preserve.
For example, if you want to take fruit and maybe vegetables, you can add some
sugar to it and boil it.
And it will become like sauce.
That would be called a preserve.
That's right.
And that so that your food stays and lasts longer.
So when we say I am eating preserves, that means it's food that we have made so
that it will last a long time.
And actually, we eat a lot of preserves.
Any kind of jelly or jam, or anything pickled, kimchi, all those are all
preserved.
Sure, yeah. That's right.
Now this history of Hakka culture has also led to a focus both on simple, hearty
foods and on making use of available ingredients.
So first, let's talk about simple, hearty foods.
Well, simple, hearty foods are foods that are good for you, and they are very
filling.
So they are good for your menu because you don't have to eat very much of it to
feel very full.
And it's simple, which means it's easy to do.
Yeah. OK. So these are easy things to make.
They're... they're very good for you.
They give you a lot of energy.
And so since they're always moving around, always changing ingredients, they
need to use hearty foods.
And here I just used the word "ingredients." Would you care to talk about that?
OK, sure, ingredients.
"Ingredients" are the pieces of a larger whole.
So if you are cooking, they are the different things we put into a dish to make
it complete.
For example, if you are baking something, you need flour, butter and sugar.
Those are all three different ingredients, something that is part of a larger
whole.
Yeah. They're... they can be for food.
They're smaller foods that you put together to make a larger dish.
Like if you're baking cake, you would add eggs.
Eggs are an ingredient in cake.
Now there's another example of this.
In Hakka culture, they use glutinous rice in many different foods like mochi,
tangyuan and caibao.
That's right, so "glutinous rice." Now that's kind of weird.
We know what rice is, but what is that word "glutinous"?
OK. If something is glutinous, that means it's uh, very wet.
It has a lot of different things in it.
That's right.
It is stuck together.
It's... it's kind of squishy.
It's soft, and it sticks together.
So another word for glutinous rice is just sticky rice.
It's sticky.
If you're listening to us on the radio, Kaylah and I are making your fingers
look like it's very sticky.
So anyway, there are other examples found in use of things like mustard greens
and pig intestines in Hakka cooking.
Now food has played, and continues to play, a very important role in shaping
Hakka culture.
That's right.
Now I know I enjoy a lot of the Hakka food that I have had.
And I'm glad to see that it is making a comeback as it is renewed.
Thank you so much for joining us.
Today we've enjoyed talking about Hakka culture with you.
That last sentence is our Grammar on the Go, so we're going to visit Liz.
But don't go anywhere because you need to see today's skit.
Hello, friends.
How are you doing today?
My name is Liz.
And it's time for Grammar on the Go.
I'm here at my friend's house.
And she is going to cook some Hakka food for me to try.
And Hakka food is what we're talking about in today's article.
The writer concludes with this sentence:
Food has played, and continues to play, an important role in shaping Hakka
culture.
That's our Grammar Tip sentence.
There are two parts to this sentence pattern.
Let's go back and take a look at today's sentence.
The first part is the main point of the sentence: Food has played an important
role in shaping Hakka culture.
But then extra information is given, and that's part two: ... and continues to
play, that is, food continues to play an important role in shaping Hakka
culture.
Notice the pattern of the sentence.
Subject has [verbed], and continues to [verb]...
Use this sentence pattern when you want to describe a current situation and you
want to give extra information that this situation will continue, that it is not
over yet.
For example, let's say a reporter is talking about how a mountain village has
had so much trouble with getting fresh water,
and this problem continues to exist even right now.
So the reporter can say:
Getting fresh water has always been, and continues to be, a challenge for these
villagers.
Or let's suppose an international charitable organization has been helping
disaster victims, and will continue to help people in any way they can.
So we can say: This organization has helped, and continues to help, disaster
victims around the world.
And that's all the time we have for today.
This is Liz with Grammar on the Go signing off.
Bye-bye.
What are you doing?
I'm studying Hakka.
Hakka?
Do you plan to Hakka your computer?
That's not a good idea.
No. Hakka is a culture.
And in recent years, Hakka culture has been experiencing a renewal.
Oh. How do you know so much about Hakka?
Well, I'm learning about it in school and from TV and magazines.
Does Hakka culture have a strong presence in the media?
Yes. And it's attracting increased attention through Hakka art, festivals and
architecture.
What element of their culture stands out?
Their cuisine.
It's the heart of the Hakka spirit and tradition.
Food.
Every culture enjoys traditional food.
What makes theirs so special?
Well, Hakkas moved from place to place.
They often had food shortages, so they developed creative ways of preserving
food.
They dry it or use things like salt, sugar or alcohol to make it last.
Oh, so they are famous for their preserves.
Yeah. They also focus on simple and hearty foods.
They make good use of available ingredients.
That's the best way.
What are some of their specialties?
Foods made from glutinous rice and mustard greens.
Hey, let's visit a festival and sample some of the foods that shape the Hakka
culture.
Great idea! We can try some pig intestines.
Pig intestines?
Maybe not!
Hi, everyone. I'm Michelle.
(Chinese).
And I guess that's all for today.
I'll see you next time.
Bye-bye.
OK. So if you ever want to learn about the Hakka people, the best place to start
is at the heart of their culture - the food.
Hakka food plays a central role in Hakka culture and provides a concrete example
of Hakka spirit and tradition.
If you've not tried a hearty Hakka meal yet, what are you waiting for?
Friends, join us tomorrow when we look at another interesting people group from
Asia, the Bugis.
Until then, I hope all of you have a great day.